Published by the American Geophysical Union as part of the Geophysical Monograph Series, Volume 132.
Extending for more than 2000 kilometers from the islands of Novaya Zemlya in the north to the Aral Sea in the south, the Uralide orogen forms the geographical and geological divide between Europe and Asia. For more than a century the Uralides have been one of the key areas of geological research in Russia, and have provided much of its mineral and petroleum wealth for the last 50 years. Nevertheless, the geology and tectonic evolution of the Uralide orogen were relatively unknown in...
Published by the American Geophysical Union as part of the Geophysical Monograph Series, Volume 132.
Published by the American Geophysical Union as part of the Geophysical Monograph Series, Volume 129.
Modern theories of mass and heat transfer in the biosphere, based on notions of a soil-plant-atmosphere thermodynamic continuum focused on water, were generally formulated by the mid-20th century. They tended to be reductionist and flow equations combined macroscopic laws of flow and of material and energy balance. They were difficult to solve because material transfer properties tend to be strongly related to the local concentration of an entity of concern, to the location, or...
Published by the American Geophysical Union as part of the Geophysical Monograph Series, Volume 129.
Published by the American Geophysical Union as part of the Geophysical Monograph Series, Volume 197.
Many of the most basic aspects of the aurora remain unexplained. While in the past terrestrial and planetary auroras have been largely treated in separate books, Auroral Phenomenology and Magnetospheric Processes: Earth and Other Planets takes a holistic approach, treating the aurora as a fundamental process and discussing the phenomenology, physics, and relationship with the respective planetary magnetospheres in one volume. While there are some behaviors common in auroras...
Published by the American Geophysical Union as part of the Geophysical Monograph Series, Volume 197.
Published by the American Geophysical Union as part of the Geophysical Monograph Series, Volume 138.
Subduction zones helped nucleate and grow the continents, they fertilize and lubricate the earth's interior, they are the site of most subaerial volcanism and many major earthquakes, and they yield a large fraction of the earth's precious metals. They are obvious targets for study--almost anything you learn is likely to impact important problems--yet arriving at a general understanding is notoriously difficult: Each subduction zone is distinct, differing in some important aspect...
Published by the American Geophysical Union as part of the Geophysical Monograph Series, Volume 138.
Published by the American Geophysical Union as part of the Geophysical Monograph Series, Volume 126.
Until a few decades ago, scientists generally believed that significant large-scale past global and regional climate changes occurred at a gradual pace within a time scale of many centuries or millennia. A secondary assumption followed: climate change was scarcely perceptible during a human lifetime. Recent paleoclimatic studies, however, have proven otherwise: that global climate can change extremely rapidly. In fact, there is good evidence that in the past at least regional mean...
Published by the American Geophysical Union as part of the Geophysical Monograph Series, Volume 126.
Published by the American Geophysical Union as part of the Geophysical Monograph Series, Volume 152.
Sea salt aerosol (SSA) exerts a major influence over a broad reach of geophysics. It is important to the physics and chemistry of the marine atmosphere and to marine geochemistry and biogeochemistry generally. It affects visibility, remote sensing, atmospheric chemistry, and air quality. Sea salt aerosol particles interact with other atmospheric gaseous and aerosol constituents by acting as sinks for condensable gases and suppressing new particle formation, thus influencing the size...
Published by the American Geophysical Union as part of the Geophysical Monograph Series, Volume 152.
Published by the American Geophysical Union as part of the Geophysical Monograph Series, Volume 154.
The Rocky Mountains provide a key region for understanding the evolution of the western North American continent and processes that shape continents in general. As a result, the region has prompted intense and pioneering geologic investigations for over a century, offering scientists an exceptionally rich field laboratory in which to gather data and to make and test interpretations. The Continental Dynamics of the Rocky Mountain (CD-ROM) experiment (1995-2004), from which...
Published by the American Geophysical Union as part of the Geophysical Monograph Series, Volume 154.
Published by the American Geophysical Union as part of the Geophysical Monograph Series, Volume 160.
Understanding the inner workings of our planet and its relationship to processes closer to the surface remains a frontier in the geosciences. Manmade probes barely reach 10 km depth and volcanism rarely brings up samples from deeper than 150 km. These distances are dwarfed by Earth's dimensions, and our knowledge of the deeper realms is pieced together from a range of surface observables, meteorite and solar atmosphere analyses, experimental and theoretical mineral physics...
Published by the American Geophysical Union as part of the Geophysical Monograph Series, Volume 160.
Published by the American Geophysical Union as part of the Geophysical Monograph Series, Volume 165.
Coronal mass ejections (CMEs) are the most energetic events in the heliosphere. During solar cycle 23, the close connection between CMEs and solar energetic particles (SEPs) was studied in much greater detail than was previously possible, including effects on space weather.
This book reviews extensive observations of solar eruptions and SEPs from orbiting and ground-based systems. From SOHO and ACE to RHESSI and TRACE, we now have measurements of unprecedented sensitivity by...
Published by the American Geophysical Union as part of the Geophysical Monograph Series, Volume 165.
Published by the American Geophysical Union as part of the Geophysical Monograph Series, Volume 166.
New ocean crust is continuously created where tectonic plates diverge. A distinctive type of oceanic crust is formed by back-arc spreading systems that parallel oceanic island arcs on the side away from the subducting plate. Volatile-rich and spatially variable, back-arc spreading systems are a natural laboratory for multi-disciplinary studies of seafloor creation, the flow of magma from the deep earth, and the hydrothermal ecosystems that this flow sustains.
Derived from the...
Published by the American Geophysical Union as part of the Geophysical Monograph Series, Volume 166.
