Environmental Mechanics: Water, Mass and Energy Transfer in the Biosphere

ISBN-13: 9780875909882 / Angielski / Twarda / 2002 / 345 str.

Raats, Peter A. C.

Opis

Published by the American Geophysical Union as part of the Geophysical Monograph Series, Volume 129.

Modern theories of mass and heat transfer in the biosphere, based on notions of a soil-plant-atmosphere thermodynamic continuum focused on water, were generally formulated by the mid-20th century. They tended to be reductionist and flow equations combined macroscopic laws of flow and of material and energy balance. They were difficult to solve because material transfer properties tend to be strongly related to the local concentration of an entity of concern, to the location, or to both. The architecture of the soil and the plant canopy also complicated their formulation, the scale of their application and their test.

Modern theories of mass and heat transfer in the biosphere, based on notions of a soil–plant–atmosphere thermodynamic continuum focused on water, were generally formulated by the mid–20th century. They tended to be reductionist and flow equations combined macroscopic laws of flow and of material and energy balance.

Spis treści

Dedication to John Robert Philip AO FAA FRS
The Editors vii

Preface
The Editors ix

Introduction

Contributions to Environmental Mechanics: Introduction
P. A. C. Raats, D. E. Smiles, and A. W Warrick   1

John Philip

A Convergence of Paths That Culminated in John Philip′s 1995 Video Recorded History of Hydrology Interview
Stephen J. Burges 29

Simplification Plus Rigorous Analysis: The Modus Operandi of John Philip
James C. I. Dooge 35

Infiltration Theory

Infiltration Under Constant Head and Falling Head Conditions
D. E. Elrick, R. Angulo–Jaramillo, D. J. Fallow, W. D. Reynolds, and C. W Parkin 47

Capillary Rise of Water Into Soil as Described by a Solution of Burgers′ Equation
D. Swartzendruber 55

Effect of Gravity and Model Characteristics on Steady Infiltration From Spheroids
A. W. Warrick and Dani Or 65

The Seepage Exclusion Problem for Tunnel Cavities in the Saturated Capillary Fringe
E. G. Youngs 71

Column Flow in Stratified Soils and Fingers in Hele–Shaw Cells: A Review
J.–Yves Parlange, Tammo S. Steenhuis, Ling Li, D. A. Barry, and Frank Stagnitti 79

Wetting Front Evolution in Randomly Heterogeneous Soils
Alexandre M. Tartakovsky Shlomo P. Neuman, and Daniel M. Tartakovsky 87

Swelling Soils and Solute Transport

On Hydrostatics and Matristatics of Swelling Soils
C D. Grant, P. H. Groenevelt, and G. H. Bolt 95

Water and Solute Transfer in Porous Media
David E. Smiles 107

Equilibrium Moisture Profiles in Consolidating, Sulfidic, Coastal Clay Soils
Ian White 121

Solute Transport in Infiltration–Redistribution Cycles in Heterogeneous Soils
S. C. Lessoff, P. Indelman, and G Dagan 133

Analytical Solutions for Two–Dimensional Solute Transport With Velocity–Dependent Dispersion
Philip Broadbridge, R. Joel Moitsheki, and Maureen P. Edwards 145

Stability Criteria for the Vertical Boundary Layer Formed by Throughflow Near the Surface of a Porous Medium
C. J. van Duijn, G. J. M. Pieters, R. A. Wooding, and A. van der Ploeg 155

Injection of Dilute Brine and Crude Oil/Brine/Rock Interactions
Guoqing Tang and Norman R. Morrow 171

General Aspects of Water Flow in Soils
Multidimensional Flow of Water in Unsaturated Soils
P. A. C. Raats 181

Effect of Temperature on Capillary Pressure
Steven A. Grant and Jorg Bachmann 199

Soil Water Hysteresis Prediction Model Based on Theory and Geometric Scaling
Randel Haverkamp, Paolo Reggiani, Peter J. Ross, and Jean–Yves Parlange 213

How Useful are Small–Scale Soil Hydraulic Property Measurements for Large–Scale Vadose Zone Modeling?
Jan W. Hopmans, Don R. Nielsen, and Keith L Bristow 247

The Role of Estimation Error in Probability Density Function of Soil Hydraulic Parameters: Pedotop Scale
Miroslav Kutflek, Miroslav Krejca, and Jana Kupcova–Vlasimska 259

Searching Below Thresholds: Tracing the Origins of Preferential Flow Within Undisturbed Soil Samples
Milena Cfslerova, TomasVogel, Jana Votrubova, and Alice Robovska 265

Effect of Forced Convection on Soil Water Content Measurement With the Dual–Probe Heat–Pulse Method
Gerard J. Kluitenberg and Joshua L. Heitman 275

Micrometeorology

Momentum Transfer to Complex Terrain
John Finnigan 285

Diffusion of Heavy Particles in a Turbulent Flow
M. R. Raupach 301

 Simple One–Dimensional Model of Coherent Turbulent Transfer in Canopies
Michael D. Novak 317

The Concept of the Soil–Plant–Atmosphere Continuum and Applications
M. B. Kirkham 327

Rootzone Processes, Tree Water–Use and the Equitable Allocation of Irrigation Water to Olives
Steve Green, Brent Clothier, Horst Caspari, and Sue Neal 337