Back-Arc Spreading Systems

ISBN-13: 9780875904313 / Angielski / Miękka / 2006 / 320 str.

Christie, David M.

Opis

Published by the American Geophysical Union as part of the Geophysical Monograph Series, Volume 166.

New ocean crust is continuously created where tectonic plates diverge. A distinctive type of oceanic crust is formed by back-arc spreading systems that parallel oceanic island arcs on the side away from the subducting plate. Volatile-rich and spatially variable, back-arc spreading systems are a natural laboratory for multi-disciplinary studies of seafloor creation, the flow of magma from the deep earth, and the hydrothermal ecosystems that this flow sustains. Derived from the prestigious Ridge 2000 InterRidge Theoretical Institute held in 2004, Back-Arc Spreading Systems: Geological, Biological, Chemical, and Physical Interactions reviews the state of the science, with select case studies. Experienced researchers in, and students of, marine geology, biological oceanography, marine geochemistry, volcanology, petrology, and geo- and paleomagnetism will find this volume a significant resource now and for the near future.

New ocean crust is continuously created where tectonic plates diverge. A distinctive type of oceanic crust is formed by back–arc spreading systems that parallel oceanic island arcs on the side away from the subducting plate.

Spis treści

Preface
David M. Christie and Charles R. Fisher   vii

Geological, Biological, Chemical, and Physical Interactions in Back–Arc Spreading Systems An Introduction
David M. Christie and Charles R. Fisher  1

Synthesis Papers

Modes of Crustal Accretion in Back–Arc Basins: Inferences From the Lau Basin
Fernando Martinez and Brian Taylor  5

Present–Day Tectonics in Four Active Island Arcs Based on GPS Observations and Forearc Stress Fields
Teruyuki Kato and Atsuki Kubo  31

Mantle Structure and Flow Patterns Beneath Active Back–Arc Basins Inferred From Passive
Seismic and Electromagnetic Methods
Douglas A. Wiens, Nobukazu Seama, and James A. Conder  43

Origin of Back–Arc Basin Magmas: Trace Element and Isotope Perspectives
Julian A. Pearce and Robert J. Stern   63

Chemical Systematics and Hydrous Melting of the Mantle in Back–Arc Basins
C.H. Langmuir, A. Bézos, S. Escrig, and S.W. Parman  87

Unique Geochemistry of Submarine Hydrothermal Fluids From Arc Back–Arc Settings of the Western Pacific
Toshitaka Gamo, Junichiro Ishibashi, Urumu Tsunogai, Kei Okamura, and Hitoshi Chiba  147

Magmatic Fluids as a Source of Metals in Seafloor Hydrothermal Systems
Kaihui Yang and Steven D. Scott   163

Microbial Ecology of Mid–Ocean Ridges and Back–Arc Basins
Ken Takai, Satoshi Nakagawa, Anna–Louise Reysenbach, and Joost Hoek    185

Composition and Biogeography of Hydrothermal Vent Communities in Western Pacific
Back–Arc Basins
Daniel Desbruyères, Jun Hashimoto, and Marie–Claire Fabri   215

Physiological Ecology of Back–Arc Basin Fauna: Explorations of the Known and Unknown
James J. Childress, Dijanna Figueroa, and Michael Henry   235

The East Scotia Sea: Mantle to Microbe
Roy Livermore  243

Tectonic and Magmatic Evolution of the Bismarck Sea, Papua New Guinea: Review and New Synthesis
Sang–Mook Lee and Etienne Ruellan   263

Origin of Diverse Geochemical Signatures in Igneous Rocks From the West Philippine Basin: Implications for Tectonic Models
Rosemary Hickey–Vargas, Ivan P. Savov, Michael Bizimis, Teruaki Ishii, and Kantaro Fujioka   287