Kategoria BISAC: Science >> Chemistry - General

When a biological drug patent expires, alternative biosimilar products are developed. Biological drugs are different in many respects from drugs based on chemically synthesized small molecules. The development of biosimilar products is complicated and involves numerous considerations and steps. The assessment of biosimilarity and interchangeability is complicated and difficult. This book presents current issues for the development of biosimilars and gives detailed reviews of its various stages and contributing factors as well as relevant regulatory pathways and post-approval issues.

A drug molecule has to be water soluble to be readily delivered to the cellular membrane but needs to be hydrophobic to cross the membrane. Delivering drugs in water-insoluble formulation is thus a critical matter in therapeutic drug development. This book serves as a comprehensive reference for pharmaceutical scientists in the handling of formulation issues related to water-insoluble drugs. Reflecting the significant progress and advances since the last edition, this edition revises and updates all of the chapters.

This Second Edition covers forensic practice from a broad viewpoint. The book continues the tradition of the First, originally developed as an introductory text, particularly for non-science practitioners to develop a working understanding of forensic science. This includes both what crime scene evidence can be unearthed as part of an investigation, as well as an adjudication of both criminal and civil cases once evidence has been scientifically analyzed using practiced and proven methods. All is fully updated in areas that have advanced since the last edition: DNA, evidence collection,...

Metabolic inhibitors and receptor antagonists are indispensable tools for the molecular life scientist. By blocking specific enzymes or receptor-mediated signal transduction cascades, they simplify the analysis of complex cellular processes especially when it is essential to demonstrate that a process of interest is functionally linked to a particular enzyme or receptor. From antibiotics to statins, modern medicine relies on the reliability and ease-of-use of enzyme- and receptor-directed inhibitors and antagonists.The Inhibitor Index is a comprehensive, curated compendium of over 7,000...

This book is open access under a CC BY-NC 2.5 license.

On April 22, 1915, the German military released 167 tons of chlorine gas at Ypres, Belgium. Carried by a long-awaited wind, the chlorine cloud passed within a few minutes through the British and French trenches, leaving behind at least 1,000 dead and 4,000 injured. This chemical attack, which amounted to the first use of a weapon of mass destruction, marks a turning point in world history. The preparation as well as the execution of the gas attack was orchestrated by Fritz Haber, the director of the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for...

"Functional food or medicinal food is any fresh or processed food claimed to have a health-promoting and/or disease-preventing property beyond the basic nutritional function of supplying nutrients, although there is no consensus on an exact definition of the term.

This is an emerging field in food science, in which such foods are usually accompanied by health claims for marketing purposes, such as a company's 'cereal is a significant source of fiber. Studies have shown that an increased amount of fiber in one's diet can decrease the risk of certain types of cancer in...

The fifth edition includes new sections on the use of adverse outcome pathways, how climate change changes how we think about toxicology, and a new chapter on contaminants of emerging concern. Additional information is provided on the derivation of exposure-response curves to describe toxicity and they are compared to the use of hypothesis testing. The text is unified around the theme of describing the entire cause-effect pathway from the importance of chemical structure in determining exposure and interaction with receptors to the use of complex systems and hierarchical patch dynamic...

Nickel (Ni), the fifth common element on the earth is widespread in the environment. Recently Ni has been proved essential for normal growth of many organisms, and at the same time Ni can become toxic to organisms when high in concentration. In several parts of the world, high Ni concentrations are causing serious environmental impacts. This book will be the first to discuss the problems related to Ni presence and raise the need for full investigation and more efforts to support this goal. It will present the recent advances in research on Ni nutrition of plants, Ni contamination of the...

The chemicals manufacturing industry is a vibrant, global business that encompasses many important sectors: from commodity chemicals, to specialty chemicals, to custom manufacturing. Key topics include global trade, finance and acquisitions, biochemicals, nanochemicals, polymers, petrochemicals, fertilizers, plastics, coatings, ceramics, solvents, additives, dyes and many other products basic to home and business needs. In addition, the pharmaceuticals industry is included when discussing chemicals. Plunkett's Chemicals, Plastics & Coatings Industry Almanac provides a market research tool...