The chemical synthesis of polysaccharides is an old problem, wh ich has been studied for several decades without noteworthy success. We have accomplished this synthesis in three different ways. The most comprehen sive in application is the synthesis from mono-or disaccharides in dimethyl sulphoxide as solvent, at room temperature and under H-ion catalysis. If the water formed in the equilibrium between mono- and polysaccharides is removed, polysaccharides of molecular weights up to about 30. 000 are obtained. These are still soluble in water. Substantially higher molecular weight...

The lecture not only deals with the positive or de facto validity (the "effectiveness") but, also, with the normative, ob liga tory validity of right (its "legitimacy"). For the definition of positive validity, he refers to the "theories of recognizance" originating from the 19th century whereby, how ever, he divorces the general theory of recognizance prevailingly adopted today from the older, "individual," theories of recognizance. Utilizing the decisive factor of recognizance, he separates the positive validity of the legal right from the mere enforcement (in the sense of the theory of...

After World War II, France has been experiencing an expansion of her economy that is quite remarkable for its growth rate. From 1949 until1962 the gross and production of the entire French economy has grown by 90 percent, representing a growth rate of more than 5 /0 a year, which is among the highest within the Common Market. From 1913 until1938, that is in 25 years, the French national income had grown no more than 16 Ofo or an average of 0.6 Ufo annually. From 1949 until 1962, thus in 13 years, it grew by 94 Ufo, corresponding to an annual growth rate of 5.2 Ufo. The gross productivity of...