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Image understanding has been playing an increasingly crucial role in several inverse problems and computer vision. Sparse models form an important component in image understanding, since they emulate the activity of neural receptors in the primary visual cortex of the human brain. Sparse methods have been utilized in several learning problems because of their ability to provide parsimonious, interpretable, and efficient models. Exploiting the sparsity of natural signals has led to advances in several application areas including image compression, denoising, inpainting, compressed sensing,...

The Mannich reaction provides one of the most basic and useful methods for the synthesis of such compounds. The main objective of this study is to give the simple and one pot synthetic method for phenanthridines, azabicycles and cycloalkanones. Even though the Mannich reaction is one of the oldest reactions, the increasing popularity of the Mannich reaction has been fueled by the ubiquitous nature of nitrogen and oxygen in drugs and natural products as well as by the potential of this multicomponent reaction to generate diversity. From the above discussion it can readily be seen that the...

Probiotics have been incorporated into a range of dairy products including ice cream, yoghurt, cheese, milk powder and frozen dairy desserts. An effective probiotic must reside at the desired target sites sufficiently long and at sufficient concentrations to elicit probiotic effects. However, due to processing condition and also during the transit in the human digestive system, there was a marked decline in the cells. Since the viability and stability of probiotics pose marketing and technological challenges, it was proposed to microencapsulate four proven probiotics using extrusion and...