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From the pharmaceuticals advertised on television for various specific medical conditions; to alcohol, which is consumed regularly as a societal norm; to illicit drugs such as cocaine, heroin, and methamphetamine; to marijuana, which is becoming legal in an increasing number of U.S. states, drugs are all around us and are ingrained in our culture. The difficult reality is that any drug is a substance that can be abused. Substance Abuse: A Reference Handbook provides a detailed discussion of the history of substance abuse, covers the classification of drugs, explains how drugs...

During the First World War and back in uniform again he was first Chief of Staff to the South Persia Rifles, then onto St Petersburg at the height of the Revolution. Following his escape across Siberia and onto New York and then the Western Front, he joined the Persian Cossacks in their campaign against the Bolsheviks.

Back in the Survey and before retirement and politics in...

While how much longer the world's supply of fossil fuels will last is debatable, it is a fact that the fossil fuels that we depend on so heavily today are non-renewable resources that will inevitably be exhausted--making the need to shift to alternative sources of energy such as solar extremely important. Solar Energy: A Reference Handbook presents encyclopedic coverage of the social, political, economic, and environmental issues associated with the development and use of solar energy in the United States and around the world.

This book provides an in-depth description...

Fire Few subjects are as fundamental to both nature and human civilization. This reference breaks new ground by going beyond a discussion of the scientific and technical aspects of fire to show how human societies in all parts of the world throughout history have incorporated images of fire into their philosophies, mythologies, religions, music, art, and other areas of human thought and action. Entries cover fire-related theories and concepts, cultural issues and allusions, industrial and military applications, political and social issues, as well as people, events, and organizations....

The controversial relationship between violent behavior in American society and violent acts portrayed in the media--motion pictures, television, pop music, and video games--forms the subject of this reference work.

Violence and the Media provides a section on legal data, opinions, and documents, and provides a close-up look at the legislative issues surrounding violence and the media. It is a vital resource for high school and college students, legislators, and concerned laypersons.

What are the major types of sexually transmitted diseases and how are they contracted and treated? How effective are different types of contraception? How do you recognize the stages of puberty? The defining feelings of sexual orientation? This candid, authoritative handbook is designed to serve young people as a reliable, enlightening source of answers to questions like these as they navigate the often confusing transition from adolescence to physical maturity.

In addition to being a go-to resource on common problems related to sexual health, this welcomed volume considers a number of...

Waste management poses a daunting global challenge. This resource provides an in-depth look at the waste management industry in the USA and elsewhere.

The book begins with an introduction to waste disposal and management through history, from early civilizations and the Middle Ages through to the present. Readers will better understand current problems, controversies, and solutions relating to waste management, including the exportation of hazardous wastes, electronic wastes, agricultural waste, and environmental justice.

A series of perspective essays cover...

GMO Food: A Reference Handbook offers an in-depth discussion of genetically modified food. It covers the history of, opposition to, regulation of, and labeling of genetic modifications, along with the potential benefits and harm involved.

This reference handbook is a research guide for young adults in high school and beyond. Students can use the book as an introduction to the history of genetic engineering of organisms and the use of this technology for the development of new forms of crops and foods.

This resource outlines historic methods of plant and...

Molecular nanotechnology involves the manipulation of individual atoms and molecules to produce materials and devices with very precise, predictable properties. This is the first volume to cover this new and exciting field. The book's 13 chapters feature: DEGREESL DEGREESDBLThe nature of nanotechnology DEGREESL DEGREESDBLDifferences between top-down and bottom-up research approaches DEGREESL DEGREESDBLPotential benefits and threats to society from future developments in nanotechnology DEGREESL DEGREESDBLCurrent nanotechnology research DEGREESL DEGREESDBLBrief biographical sketches of key...

The use of marijuana has consistently been a highly controversial, polarizing, and emotional topic, so much so that social, cultural, and religious factors have largely influenced public opinion, legislation, and law enforcement's treatment of marijuana use. At the same time, much of the scientific information about the plant has largely been ignored in the policies and practices of the United States over the past 100 years.

"Marijuana: A Reference Handbook" provides detailed coverage of the history and background of marijuana use in society, with special emphasis on the present day in...