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From the pharmaceuticals advertised on television for various specific medical conditions; to alcohol, which is consumed regularly as a societal norm; to illicit drugs such as cocaine, heroin, and methamphetamine; to marijuana, which is becoming legal in an increasing number of U.S. states, drugs are all around us and are ingrained in our culture. The difficult reality is that any drug is a substance that can be abused. Substance Abuse: A Reference Handbook provides a detailed discussion of the history of substance abuse, covers the classification of drugs, explains how drugs...

During the First World War and back in uniform again he was first Chief of Staff to the South Persia Rifles, then onto St Petersburg at the height of the Revolution. Following his escape across Siberia and onto New York and then the Western Front, he joined the Persian Cossacks in their campaign against the Bolsheviks.

Back in the Survey and before retirement and politics in...

What are the major types of sexually transmitted diseases and how are they contracted and treated? How effective are different types of contraception? How do you recognize the stages of puberty? The defining feelings of sexual orientation? This candid, authoritative handbook is designed to serve young people as a reliable, enlightening source of answers to questions like these as they navigate the often confusing transition from adolescence to physical maturity.

In addition to being a go-to resource on common problems related to sexual health, this welcomed volume considers a number of...

The history of cloning experiments dates back more than a century, but advances in technology in recent decades have multiplied the potential applications of cloning--and expanded the controversies surrounding these possibilities. "Cloning: A Reference Handbook" provides an accessible description of the development of plant and animal cloning from the early stages of human civilization to the present day and coherently covers the science and technology involved. It reviews the essential controversies that have arisen about cloning--particularly applications involving human DNA--as...

"An excellent starting place for research on plastic and its environmental impact." – CHOICE

Plastic plays a vital role in today's world but has become increasingly problematic. This book discusses the history and evolution of plastic, its many uses, and the implications that it has on our health and environment.

Beginning with a history of plastic, from the first scientific discovery of the material to its diversity of forms and uses in the present day, this volume delves into the problems and controversies concerning plastic and microplastics, such...

While how much longer the world's supply of fossil fuels will last is debatable, it is a fact that the fossil fuels that we depend on so heavily today are non-renewable resources that will inevitably be exhausted--making the need to shift to alternative sources of energy such as solar extremely important. Solar Energy: A Reference Handbook presents encyclopedic coverage of the social, political, economic, and environmental issues associated with the development and use of solar energy in the United States and around the world.

This book provides an in-depth description...

Molecular nanotechnology involves the manipulation of individual atoms and molecules to produce materials and devices with very precise, predictable properties. This is the first volume to cover this new and exciting field. The book's 13 chapters feature: DEGREESL DEGREESDBLThe nature of nanotechnology DEGREESL DEGREESDBLDifferences between top-down and bottom-up research approaches DEGREESL DEGREESDBLPotential benefits and threats to society from future developments in nanotechnology DEGREESL DEGREESDBLCurrent nanotechnology research DEGREESL DEGREESDBLBrief biographical sketches of key...

The controversial relationship between violent behavior in American society and violent acts portrayed in the media--motion pictures, television, pop music, and video games--forms the subject of this reference work.

Violence and the Media provides a section on legal data, opinions, and documents, and provides a close-up look at the legislative issues surrounding violence and the media. It is a vital resource for high school and college students, legislators, and concerned laypersons.

Waste management poses a daunting global challenge. This resource provides an in-depth look at the waste management industry in the USA and elsewhere.

The book begins with an introduction to waste disposal and management through history, from early civilizations and the Middle Ages through to the present. Readers will better understand current problems, controversies, and solutions relating to waste management, including the exportation of hazardous wastes, electronic wastes, agricultural waste, and environmental justice.

A series of perspective essays cover...