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Performance of RFID Tags in Rough Duty Environments (Structural Fires and Moisture)
ISBN: 9781495993152 / Angielski / Miękka / 40 str. Termin realizacji zamówienia: ok. 5-8 dni roboczych. Radio frequency identification (RFID) tags have become widely used by industry, retail sales businesses, and government agencies for tracking materials, products, and inventories. This tracking technology is starting to be applied to the management of emergency responder protective equipment items. This technology has potential for helping to manage the use of emergency apparatus and may become a component of human body worn tracking and locating systems. Current standards governing the application of RFID technology are focused on the industrial sector, and no standards exist for use of the...
Radio frequency identification (RFID) tags have become widely used by industry, retail sales businesses, and government agencies for tracking material...
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66,72 |
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Experimental Study of the Effects of Fuel Type, Fuel Distribution, and Vent Size on Full-Scale Underventilated Compartment Fires in an ISO 9705 Room
ISBN: 9781495993183 / Angielski / Miękka / 168 str. Termin realizacji zamówienia: ok. 5-8 dni roboczych. This report describes new full-scale compartment fire experiments, which include local measurements of temperature, heat flux and species composition, and global measurements of heat release rate and mass burning rate. The measurements are unique to the compartment fire literature. By design, the experiments provided a comprehensive and quantitative assessment of major and minor carbonaceous gaseous species and soot at two locations in the upper layer of fire in a full scale ISO 9705 room.
This report describes new full-scale compartment fire experiments, which include local measurements of temperature, heat flux and species composition,...
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cena:
76,84 |
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Assessment of Uncertainties for the NIST 1016 mm Guarded-Hot-Plate Apparatus: Extended Analysis for Low-Density Fibrous-Glass Thermal Insulation
ISBN: 9781495993220 / Angielski / Miękka / 58 str. Termin realizacji zamówienia: ok. 5-8 dni roboczych. An assessment of uncertainties for the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) 1016 mm Guarded-Hot-Plate apparatus is presented. The uncertainties are reported in a format consistent with current NIST policy on the expression of measurement uncertainty. The report describes a procedure for detennination of component uncertainties for thermal conductivity and thermal resistance for the apparatus under operation in either the double-sided or single-sided mode of operation. An extensive example for computation of uncertainties for the single-sided mode of operation is provided for...
An assessment of uncertainties for the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) 1016 mm Guarded-Hot-Plate apparatus is presented. The unc...
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cena:
66,72 |
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Clean Agent Suppression of Energized Electrical Equipment Fires
ISBN: 9781496016171 / Angielski / Miękka / 106 str. Termin realizacji zamówienia: ok. 5-8 dni roboczych. The NFPA 2001 standard on the use of clean agents for the suppression of fires arose from the phase-out of Halon 1301. Standard methods exists for specifying the amount of clean agent required for Class A and Class B fires, but the recommendation for Class C fires (those involving energized electrical equipment) defaults to the Class A values. While this may be appropriate for some Class C fires, there is concern that higher agent concentration may be necessary if energy is added to the fire by the electrical source. A number of test methods have been proposed to determine the amount of agent...
The NFPA 2001 standard on the use of clean agents for the suppression of fires arose from the phase-out of Halon 1301. Standard methods exists for spe...
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cena:
70,77 |
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Analysis of FDS Thermal Detector Response Prediction Capability
ISBN: 9781496016263 / Angielski / Miękka / 106 str. Termin realizacji zamówienia: ok. 5-8 dni roboczych. Predictions of fire plume and ceiling jet temperature and the response of thermal detectors from NIST's Fire Dynamics Simulator(FDS)were compared to data from a series of full-scale tests conducted by Underwriters Laboratory. Findings and conclusions are included.
Predictions of fire plume and ceiling jet temperature and the response of thermal detectors from NIST's Fire Dynamics Simulator(FDS)were compared to d...
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cena:
68,74 |
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A Literature Review of the Effects of Fire Smoke on Electrical Equipment
ISBN: 9781496126313 / Angielski / Miękka / 108 str. Termin realizacji zamówienia: ok. 5-8 dni roboczych. A review is presented of the state of the art of smoke production measurement, prediction of smoke impact as part of computer-based fire modeling, and measurement and prediction of the impact of smoke through deposition of soot on and corrosion of electrical equipment. The literature review on smoke corrosivity testing and damage due to smoke deposition emphasizes (despite extensive research on smoke corrositity) the lack of validated and widely applicable prescriptive or performance based methods to assure electrical equipment survivability given exposure to fire smoke. Circuit bridging via...
A review is presented of the state of the art of smoke production measurement, prediction of smoke impact as part of computer-based fire modeling, and...
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cena:
60,65 |
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Assessment of Factors Affecting Fire Performance of Mattresses: A Review
ISBN: 9781496127457 / Angielski / Miękka / 60 str. Termin realizacji zamówienia: ok. 5-8 dni roboczych. An in-depth analysis of U.S. residential fire statistics shows that although the total number of fires and deaths due to mattress fires has dropped as a result of several regulatory approaches, the number of deaths per 1000 mattress/bedding fires has increased over past 3 decades. To address the increasing number of deaths due to mattress fires, the open flame mattress flammability regulation (16 CFR 1633) was recently introduced in the U.S. The 16 CFR 1633 prescribes performance standards rather than design standards; this allows manufacturers the flexibility to meet the needs of the...
An in-depth analysis of U.S. residential fire statistics shows that although the total number of fires and deaths due to mattress fires has dropped as...
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cena:
48,51 |
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Developing Emergency Communication Strategies for Buildings
ISBN: 9781496127914 / Angielski / Miękka / 368 str. Termin realizacji zamówienia: ok. 5-8 dni roboczych. The purpose of this document is to provide the foundation for the development of a guidance document on emergency communication message content and dissemination strategies. The document answers three major questions regarding emergency communication systems: 1) What technology exists or is proposed for use in emergency notification? 2) What approaches are currently being used to disseminate messages? 3) How does the public respond to different types of information and information sources? The document begins with a discussion of the technology that exists or is proposed for use in emergency...
The purpose of this document is to provide the foundation for the development of a guidance document on emergency communication message content and di...
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cena:
60,65 |
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Airflow and Indoor Air Quality Models of DOE Reference Commercial Buildings
ISBN: 9781496128454 / Angielski / Miękka / 166 str. Termin realizacji zamówienia: ok. 5-8 dni roboczych. Sixteen reference commercial buildings were defined by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) and created as EnergyPlus input files. They were developed for use in assessing new technologies and supporting the development of energy codes. Infiltration rates were inputs to the models, rather than calculated based on established building airflow theory. In order to support more physically-based airflow calculations, as well as contaminant transport analysis, models of the 16 reference buildings were created in the multizone airflow and contaminant program CONTAM. A number of key inputs had to be...
Sixteen reference commercial buildings were defined by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) and created as EnergyPlus input files. They were developed ...
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cena:
60,65 |
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Experimental Study of the Three Dimensional Internal Structure of Underventilated Compartment Fires in an ISO 9705 Room
ISBN: 9781496128737 / Angielski / Miękka / 96 str. Termin realizacji zamówienia: ok. 5-8 dni roboczych. This report documents a set of 9 full scale ISO 9705 room under-ventilated compartment fire experiments for the purpose of guiding the development of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) computer fire model - Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS). The gas species composition and temperature throughout the interior of the compartment was mapped during quasi-steady burning conditions using movable measurement probes. In conjunction with the gas species and temperature measurements, global heat release rate, global burning mass rate, and local heat flux measurements were taken. The...
This report documents a set of 9 full scale ISO 9705 room under-ventilated compartment fire experiments for the purpose of guiding the development of ...
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cena:
56,61 |
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Simulation of the Dynamics of a Wind-Driven Fire in a Ranch-Style House - Texas
ISBN: 9781496136602 / Angielski / Miękka / 90 str. Termin realizacji zamówienia: ok. 5-8 dni roboczych. This report describes the results of calculations using the NIST Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS) performed to provide insight on the thermal conditions that may have occurred during a wind-driven fire in a one-story ranch house on April 12, 2009 in Houston, Texas. The FDS simulations represented the building geometry, material thermal properties, and fire behavior based on information gathered from multiple sources. The simulation results are provided in this report. The FDS simulation that best represents the witnessed fire conditions indicate that fire spread throughout the attic and first...
This report describes the results of calculations using the NIST Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS) performed to provide insight on the thermal conditions ...
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cena:
56,61 |
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High-temperature tensile constitutive data and models for structural steels in fire
ISBN: 9781496136886 / Angielski / Miękka / 142 str. Termin realizacji zamówienia: ok. 5-8 dni roboczych. This report documents the stress-strain behavior of a collection of structural steels recovered from the collapse of the World Trade Center. These steels, combined with literature data form the basis of a model for the stress-strain behavior of structural steels in general. The model accounts for the lost of strength, the decrease in work hardening and the increase in the strain-rate sensitivity with increasing temperature. For general structural steels, it takes the measured yield strength as its only input parameter. The new model predicts the stress-strain behavior of the steels slightly...
This report documents the stress-strain behavior of a collection of structural steels recovered from the collapse of the World Trade Center. These ste...
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cena:
60,65 |
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Tracking the National Fire Problem: The Data behind the Statistics
ISBN: 9781496146946 / Angielski / Miękka / 70 str. Termin realizacji zamówienia: ok. 5-8 dni roboczych. The objective of this report is to support the development of descriptive statistics and associated measures of uncertainty for characterizing, tracking, and better understanding the root causes of the U.S. fire burden by identifying the relevant costs and losses associated with fire, i.e., information needed to make cost-effective decisions for reducing the economic impact fires have on society, and identifying sources of data that would allow future statistical analysis, while highlighting areas where future research is needed. This data will be used to develop performance metrics, enabling...
The objective of this report is to support the development of descriptive statistics and associated measures of uncertainty for characterizing, tracki...
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cena:
56,61 |
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Structural and Electromagnetic Scenarios for Firefighter Locator Tracking System
ISBN: 9781496158376 / Angielski / Miękka / 96 str. Termin realizacji zamówienia: ok. 5-8 dni roboczych. One of the most important aspects of effective firefighter response to an emergency event is awareness of the location of the firefighters involved, especially in cases with limited visibility due to darkness, heavy smoke, or unfamiliar and changing environments. Location and tracking systems (LTS ) have been developed and are being refined to aid firefighting operations or the rescue of firefighters in distress. In this National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) technical note, LTS technologies are examined with the goal of establishing structural and electromagnetic scenarios...
One of the most important aspects of effective firefighter response to an emergency event is awareness of the location of the firefighters involved, e...
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cena:
56,61 |
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Performance of New and Aged Residential Fire Sprinklers
ISBN: 9781496158789 / Angielski / Miękka / 96 str. Termin realizacji zamówienia: ok. 5-8 dni roboczych. The U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) initiated a program to determine the effects of emissions from problem drywall on residential electrical, gas distribution, and fire safety components. As part of this program, the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) generated data to help determine whether there has been degradation in the activation performance of automatic residential fire sprinklers exposed to those emissions, as manifested by changes to sprinkler activation time. NIST tested three sets of sprinklers in the sensitivity test oven (plunge test apparatus),...
The U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) initiated a program to determine the effects of emissions from problem drywall on residential elect...
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cena:
56,61 |
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Smoke Plume Trajectory from In Situ Burning of Crude Oil in Alaska - Updated Simulation Results
ISBN: 9781496159014 / Angielski / Miękka / 70 str. Termin realizacji zamówienia: ok. 5-8 dni roboczych. The purpose of this report is to update calculations, originally performed in 1993, that predict the downwind extent of smoke particulate from hypothetical in situ burns of spilled crude oil in Alaska. The reason for the update is that the National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) have changed since 1993. These standards formed the basis for establishing, safe distances for separating potential burning sites from populated areas in Alaska."
The purpose of this report is to update calculations, originally performed in 1993, that predict the downwind extent of smoke particulate from hypothe...
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cena:
56,61 |
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Performance of New and Aged Residential Fire Smoke Detectors
ISBN: 9781496168689 / Angielski / Miękka / 110 str. Termin realizacji zamówienia: ok. 5-8 dni roboczych. As part of the Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) technical staff program to determine the effects of emissions from imported drywall on residential electrical, gas distribution, and fire safety components, the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) has generated data to aid assessment of whether there has been a loss of functionality of fire smoke detectors exposed to those emissions. NIST tested four sets of smoke detectors in the Fire Emulator/Detector Evaluator (FEDE) and the UL 217 test apparatus. Set 1 (ionization only) detectors were provided by CPSC staff and...
As part of the Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) technical staff program to determine the effects of emissions from imported drywall on reside...
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cena:
60,65 |
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Experimental Characterization of Helium Dispersion in a -Scale Two-Car Residential Garage (NIST TN 1694)
ISBN: 9781496168696 / Angielski / Miękka / 92 str. Termin realizacji zamówienia: ok. 5-8 dni roboczych. A series of experiments are described in which helium was released at constant rates into a 1.5 m 1.5 m 0.75 m enclosure designed as a -scale model of a two car garage. The purpose was to provide reference data sets for testing and validating computational fluid dynamics (CFD) models and to experimentally characterize the effects of a number of variables on the mixing behavior within an enclosure and the exchange of helium with the surroundings. Helium was used as a surrogate for hydrogen, and the total volume released was scaled as the amount that could be released by a typical...
A series of experiments are described in which helium was released at constant rates into a 1.5 m 1.5 m 0.75 m enclosure designed as a -scale model of...
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cena:
56,61 |
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Impact of Sprinklers on the Fire Hazard in Dormitories: Sleeping Room Fire Experiments
ISBN: 9781497345867 / Angielski / Miękka / 102 str. Termin realizacji zamówienia: ok. 5-8 dni roboczych. The objective of this study was to compare the levels of hazard created by room fires in a dormitory building with and without automatic fire sprinklers in the room of fire origin. This report describes a series of experiments where fires were initiated in a dormitory sleeping room. The description of the experimental conditions includes: the geometry and construction of the building, the fuel load in the sleeping rooms, and the location of the instrumentation used to measure gas temperature, oxygen, carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide concentrations and heat flux. Smoke alarm activation and...
The objective of this study was to compare the levels of hazard created by room fires in a dormitory building with and without automatic fire sprinkle...
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cena:
60,65 |
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Rethinking Egress: A Vision for the Future
ISBN: 9781497347175 / Angielski / Miękka / 74 str. Termin realizacji zamówienia: ok. 5-8 dni roboczych. New technologies and research are redefining the state-of-the-art in building evacuation. The time is right to rethink the entire infrastructure of egress from buildings in light new opportunities to address the economic and life-safety issues. Approximately 40 experts from a variety of disciplinary background assembled in Warrenton, VA from April 1-3, 2008 in order to consider building evacuation, starting with a blank sheet of paper. Structured around the principles of Value-Focused Thinking (a text authored by workshop moderator Ralph Keeney), the participants were encouraged to consider...
New technologies and research are redefining the state-of-the-art in building evacuation. The time is right to rethink the entire infrastructure of eg...
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cena:
56,61 |
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