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Fire Hazard Comparison of Fire-Retarded and Non-Fire-Retarded Products (NBS SP 749)
ISBN: 9781495243288 / Angielski / Miękka / 106 str. Termin realizacji zamówienia: ok. 5-8 dni roboczych. A test program was conducted for the Fire Retardant Chemicals Association to quantify the effects of fire retardant chemicals on total fire hazard. Five different types of products, each made from a different type of plastic were used. The products were made up in analogous fire-retardant (FR) and non-retarded variants (NFR).
A test program was conducted for the Fire Retardant Chemicals Association to quantify the effects of fire retardant chemicals on total fire hazard. Fi...
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60,65 |
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Limits to the Effectiveness of Metal-Containing Fire Suppressants. Final Technical Report (NISTIR 7177)
ISBN: 9781494298357 / Angielski / Miękka / 70 str. Termin realizacji zamówienia: ok. 5-8 dni roboczych. This report reviews the literature on metal inhibition of flames and identifies metal species with potential as fire suppressant additives. To provide a basis for discussion, the detailed mechanism of inhibition of iron is reviewed, and the reasons for its loss of effectiveness are described. The demonstrated flame inhibiting properties of other metals is then discussed, followed by a description of the potential loss of effectiveness for these other metals. The production ban on the widely used and effective halon fire suppressants due to their ozone depletion potential, has motivated an...
This report reviews the literature on metal inhibition of flames and identifies metal species with potential as fire suppressant additives. To provide...
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40,26 |
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Exposure and Fire Hazard Assessment of Nanoparticles in Fire Safe Consumer Products: Interagency Agreement Final Report
ISBN: 9781494255640 / Angielski / Miękka / 62 str. Termin realizacji zamówienia: ok. 5-8 dni roboczych. |
cena:
48,51 |
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Test Methods for Quantifying the Propensity of Cigarettes to Ignite Soft Furnishings. Volume 2.
ISBN: 9781495252952 / Angielski / Miękka / 172 str. Termin realizacji zamówienia: ok. 5-8 dni roboczych. Research funded under the Fire Safe Cigarette Act of 1990 (P.L. 101-352) has led to the development of two test methods for measuring the ignition propensity of cigarettes. The Mock-Up Ignition Test Method uses substrated physically similar to upholstered furniture and mattresses: a layer of fabric over padding. The measure of cigarette performance is ignition or non-ignition of the substrate. The Cigarette Extinction Test Method replaces the fabric/padding assembly with multiple layers of common filter paper. The measure of performance is full-length burning or self-extinguishment of the...
Research funded under the Fire Safe Cigarette Act of 1990 (P.L. 101-352) has led to the development of two test methods for measuring the ignition pro...
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60,65 |
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Compilation of Data on the Sublethal Effects of Fire Effluent
ISBN: 9781495447754 / Angielski / Miękka / 48 str. Termin realizacji zamówienia: ok. 5-8 dni roboczych. In this report, the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) provides a review of the state-of-the-art on how fire effluent might affect people. The available scientific literature on the effects of narcotic and irritant gases, smoke obscuration, and heat on humans and animals were reviewed. The fire effluent data presented in this report are categorized by levels of effect on humans; specifically 1) minor physiological effects that are unlikely affect job performance or duties, 2) moderate to major physiological effects that may negatively influence job performance or duties,...
In this report, the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) provides a review of the state-of-the-art on how fire effluent might affect ...
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cena:
64,70 |
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Pass Sound Muffle Tests Using a Structural Firefighter Protective Ensemble Method
ISBN: 9781495454677 / Angielski / Miękka / 28 str. Termin realizacji zamówienia: ok. 5-8 dni roboczych. The objective of this study was to better understand the relative change in sound level from an activated PASS when it is being used by a firefighter. The alarm signal sound level can be affected by a range of factors including location of PASS device on the firefighter (front, side, or rear), position of the firefighter (prone, supine, fetal), the volume of the room, the wall linings or materials, the presence of furniture or other objects, and background sounds. NFPA PASS Standard 1982 (2007) includes a muffle test where sound attenuation is measured in a sound chamber. While this allows...
The objective of this study was to better understand the relative change in sound level from an activated PASS when it is being used by a firefighter....
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cena:
64,70 |
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Impact of a Residential Sprinkler on the Heat Release Rate of a Christmas Tree Fire
ISBN: 9781495464102 / Angielski / Miękka / 30 str. Termin realizacji zamówienia: ok. 5-8 dni roboczych. Although the number of Christmas tree fires is low, these fires carry a higher level of hazard than other fires that occur in a residential structure. This study, supported by the U. S. Fire Administration, has the following three objectives: 1) characterize the heat release rate of dry Fraser fir trees 2) demonstrate the ignition resistance of a tree with a high moisture content and 3) examine the impact of a residential sprinkler on the heat release rate of a dry tree that is on fire in a compartment.
Although the number of Christmas tree fires is low, these fires carry a higher level of hazard than other fires that occur in a residential structure....
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cena:
64,70 |
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Heat and Mass Transfer Through Gypsum Partitions Subjected to Fire Exposures
ISBN: 9781495919893 / Angielski / Miękka / 28 str. Termin realizacji zamówienia: ok. 5-8 dni roboczych. A model is presented that describes the heat transfer through a gypsum wallboard partition assembly incorporating the mass transport effects of water in liquid and vapor form. Sources of water include surface bound (adsorbed) water and hydrated water that is chemically bound with the crystal matrix of gypsum. Liberated water is allowed to migrate through the porous structure through molecular diffusion and pressure driven flow. Evaporation or condensation occurs when the partial pressure of water vapor with the pore space is less than or greater than the saturation pressure, respectively....
A model is presented that describes the heat transfer through a gypsum wallboard partition assembly incorporating the mass transport effects of water ...
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cena:
64,70 |
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Cable Response to Live Fire (CAROLFIRE) Volume 3: Thermally-Induced Electrical Failure (THIEF) Model
ISBN: 9781495919916 / Angielski / Miękka / 82 str. Termin realizacji zamówienia: ok. 5-8 dni roboczych. This report describes a thermally-induced electrical failure (THIEF) model's ability to predict the behavior of power, instrument, and control cables during a fire. The model is intended to be incorporated as a subroutine for deterministic fire models, and it is of comparable accuracy and simplicity to the activation algorithms for various other fire protection devices (e.g., sprinklers, heat and smoke detectors). THIEF model predictions are compared to experimental measurements of instrumented cables in a variety of configurations, and the results indicate that the model is an appropriate...
This report describes a thermally-induced electrical failure (THIEF) model's ability to predict the behavior of power, instrument, and control cables ...
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cena:
72,79 |
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Alarm Information for Decision Support
ISBN: 9781495987397 / Angielski / Miękka / 34 str. Termin realizacji zamówienia: ok. 5-8 dni roboczych. Experiments conducted in a Toledo Ohio school are used to examine the use of signals from simulated heat detectors by incident command. Two approaches are examined. The first is to use the signal from ceiling mounted thermocouples to deduce conditions in the fire room and hallway. The second approach is to process these signals using the Sensor-Driven Fire Model to provide additional information to incident command.
Experiments conducted in a Toledo Ohio school are used to examine the use of signals from simulated heat detectors by incident command. Two approaches...
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68,74 |
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Smoke Component Yields from Bench-scale Fire Tests: 1. Nfpa 269 / ASTM E 1678
ISBN: 9781496019059 / Angielski / Miękka / 68 str. Termin realizacji zamówienia: ok. 5-8 dni roboczych. A standard procedure is needed for obtaining smoke toxic potency data for use in fire hazard and risk analyses. Room fire testing of finished products is impractical, directing attention to the use of apparatus that can obtain the needed data quickly and at affordable cost. This report examines the first of a series bench-scale fire tests to produce data on the yields of toxic products in both pre-flashover and post-flashover flaming fires. The apparatus is the radiant furnace in NFPA 269 and ASTM E 1678. Test specimens were cut from finished products that were also burned in room-scale...
A standard procedure is needed for obtaining smoke toxic potency data for use in fire hazard and risk analyses. Room fire testing of finished products...
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56,61 |
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Smoke Component Yields from Bench-scale Fire Tests: 2. ISO 19700 Controlled Equivalence Ratio Tube Furnace
ISBN: 9781496019172 / Angielski / Miękka / 56 str. Termin realizacji zamówienia: ok. 5-8 dni roboczych. A standard procedure is needed for obtaining smoke toxic potency data for use in fire hazard and risk analyses. Room fire testing of finished products is impractical, directing attention to the use of apparatus that can obtain the needed data quickly and at affordable cost. This report presents examination of the second of a series bench-scale fire tests to produce data on the yields of toxic products in both pre-flashover and post-flashover flaming fires. The apparatus is the ISO/TS 19700 controlled equivalence ratio tube furnace. This apparatus uses a mechanical feed mechanism to supply...
A standard procedure is needed for obtaining smoke toxic potency data for use in fire hazard and risk analyses. Room fire testing of finished products...
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cena:
48,51 |
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Smoke Component Yields from Bench-scale Fire Tests: 3. ISO 5660-1 / ASTM E 1354 with Enclosure and Variable Oxygen Concentration
ISBN: 9781496019530 / Angielski / Miękka / 54 str. Termin realizacji zamówienia: ok. 5-8 dni roboczych. A standard procedure is needed for obtaining smoke toxic potency data for use in fire hazard and risk analyses. Room fire testing of finished products is impractical, directing attention to the use of apparatus that can obtain the needed data quickly and at affordable cost. This report presents examination of the fourth of a series bench-scale fire tests to produce data on the yields of toxic products in both pre-flashover and post-flashover flaming fires. The apparatus is the ISO 5660-1 / ASTM E 1354 cone calorimeter, modified to have an enclosure and a gas delivery system allowing variable...
A standard procedure is needed for obtaining smoke toxic potency data for use in fire hazard and risk analyses. Room fire testing of finished products...
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cena:
48,51 |
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Smoke Component Yields from Bench-scale Fire Tests: 4. Comparison of Bench-scale
ISBN: 9781496019745 / Angielski / Miękka / 58 str. Termin realizacji zamówienia: ok. 5-8 dni roboczych. A standard procedure is needed for obtaining smoke toxic potency data for use in fire hazard and risk analyses. Room fire testing of finished products is impractical, directing attention to the use of apparatus that can obtain the needed data quickly and at affordable cost. In this work we compare yields of toxic gases generated by four bench scale apparatus to previously conducted room-scale fires. The bench scale apparatus are the radiant apparatus in NFPA 269 and ASTM E 1678, the smoke density chamber in ISO 5659-2, a controlled-atmosphere version of the cone calorimeter (ASTM E 1354), and...
A standard procedure is needed for obtaining smoke toxic potency data for use in fire hazard and risk analyses. Room fire testing of finished products...
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cena:
48,51 |
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The Process of Verification and Validation of Building Fire Evacuation Models
ISBN: 9781496020598 / Angielski / Miękka / 90 str. Termin realizacji zamówienia: ok. 5-8 dni roboczych. To date, there is no International standard on the methods and tests to assess the verification and validation (V&V) of building fire evacuation models, i.e., model testers adopt inconsistent procedures or tests designed for other model uses. For instance, the tests presented within the MSC/Circ.1238 Guidelines for evacuation analysis for new and existing passenger ships provided by the International Maritime Organization are often employed for the V&V of models outside their original context of use (building fires instead of maritime applications). This document discusses the main issues...
To date, there is no International standard on the methods and tests to assess the verification and validation (V&V) of building fire evacuation model...
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cena:
56,61 |
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Modeling and Measuring the Effects of Portable Gasoline Powered Generator Exhaust on Indoor Carbon Monoxide Level
ISBN: 9781496034397 / Angielski / Miękka / 158 str. Termin realizacji zamówienia: ok. 5-8 dni roboczych. The U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) is concerned about the hazard of acute residential carbon monoxide (CO) exposures from portable gasoline powered generators that can result in death or serious and/or lasting adverse health effects in exposed individuals. As an initial approach to characterizing these hazards, CPSC measured the emissions from generators by testing them in a small test chamber (Brown 2006). CPSC subsequently contracted with the University of Alabama (UA) to develop and construct low CO-emission prototype generators using off-the-shelf technologies installed on...
The U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) is concerned about the hazard of acute residential carbon monoxide (CO) exposures from portable gas...
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cena:
60,65 |
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Smoke Alarm Performance in Kitchen Fires and Nuisance Alarm Scenarios
ISBN: 9781496050311 / Angielski / Miękka / 96 str. Termin realizacji zamówienia: ok. 5-8 dni roboczych. Tests were conducted to assess the performance of various residential smoke alarms to kitchen fires and nuisance alarm cooking scenarios. A test structure representing a kitchen, living room and hallway was constructed to conduct the tests. Eight different residential smoke alarms types, two photoelectric models, two ionization models, two dual sensor models, and two multi-sensor, intelligent models were used in this study. The data gathered provided insight into the susceptibility of alarm activation from exposures to typical cooking events and alarm times for actual kitchen fires. The...
Tests were conducted to assess the performance of various residential smoke alarms to kitchen fires and nuisance alarm cooking scenarios. A test struc...
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cena:
56,61 |
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Helium Dispersion in an Attached Single-Car Residential Garage with and Without Vehicle
ISBN: 9781496051219 / Angielski / Miękka / 110 str. Termin realizacji zamówienia: ok. 5-8 dni roboczych. The dispersion and loss of helium inside a single-car residential garage attached to a single-family house was experimentally characterized by recording time-resolved helium concentrations at multiple locations in the garage and at a single location in the house during and following helium releases near the floor of the garage. Helium served as a surrogate for hydrogen for safety reasons, and helium release rates were adjusted to provide the same constant volume flow rate as that required to release 5 kg of hydrogen over a four hour period. Supporting measurements included compartment...
The dispersion and loss of helium inside a single-car residential garage attached to a single-family house was experimentally characterized by recordi...
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cena:
60,65 |
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Measurement of Temperature, Displacement, and Strain in Structural Components Subject to Fire Effects: Concepts and Candidate Approaches
ISBN: 9781496051424 / Angielski / Miękka / 86 str. Termin realizacji zamówienia: ok. 5-8 dni roboczych. For the last forty years, NIST has led the world in fire metrology through research conducted at the Large Fire Laboratory, which is being expanded to enable experiments on real-scale structures under combined structural and fire loads. The combined capabilities of large fire testing and structural fire testing will be comprised in the National Fire Research Laboratory (NFRL), which is expected to be completed in 2013. Measurements of temperature, displacement, and strain at hundreds of points on a structural system in the fire zone are needed to validate analytical tools for fire conditions....
For the last forty years, NIST has led the world in fire metrology through research conducted at the Large Fire Laboratory, which is being expanded to...
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cena:
56,61 |
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Analysis of Needs and Existing Capabilities for Full-Scale Fire Resistance Testing
ISBN: 9781495993060 / Angielski / Miękka / 98 str. Termin realizacji zamówienia: ok. 5-8 dni roboczych. This study reported here was conducted for the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) under Contact Number NA1341-02-W-0686. Hughes Associates, Inc. performed this work with assistance from Greenhorne & O'Mara, Inc. and Thornton-Tomasetti- Cutts, LLC. The study was commissioned to analyze the needs and existing capabilities for full-scale fire resistance testing of structural connections. The Scope of Work consisted of three separate tasks...Task 1. Identification of Building Collapse Incidents; Task 2. Survey of Fire Resistance Test Facilities; and Task 3. Needs Assessment.
This study reported here was conducted for the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) under Contact Number NA1341-02-W-0686. Hughes Ass...
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cena:
68,74 |
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