Kategoria BISAC: Science >> Nanoscience

The expanding field of nanotechnology is now one of the most promising areas of science. However, because some nanoparticles can have a negative impact on human health and the environment, the design of novel materials must always be accompanied by a comprehensive risk assessment. Until now, the information on the methods available has been fragmented and incomplete. This book is the first to provide a comprehensive review of recent progress and challenges in the risk assessment of nanomaterials by empirical and computational techniques. Topics covered include: benefits versus risks, carbon...

This book deals with the elastic stability of solids and structures, on which Warner Koiter was the world s leading expert. It begins with fundamental aspects of stability, relating the basic notions of dynamic stability to more traditional quasi-static approaches. The book is concerned not only with buckling, or linear instability, but most importantly with nonlinear post-buckling behavior and imperfection-sensitivity. After laying out the general theory, Koiter applies the theory to a number of applications, with a chapter devoted to each. These include a variety of beam, plate, and shell...

This book surveys recent developments in plasmonic nanosensor design, covering such discoveries as the optimal shape for plasmonic nanoparticles used for sensing, experimental methods and topics ranging from nanoparticle growth to membrane protein attachment.

This thesis presents a general theory of nonequilibrium thermodynamics for information processing. Ever since Maxwell's demon was proposed in the nineteenth century, the relationship between thermodynamics and information has attracted much attention because it concerns the foundation of the second law of thermodynamics. From the modern point of view, Maxwell's demon is formulated as an information processing device that performs measurement and feedback at the level of thermal fluctuations. By unifying information theory, measurement theory, and the recently developed theory of...

This book aims to show how tribological concepts can be applied in order to improve manufacturing technology in modern industry. It can be used as a guide book for engineering students or a reference useful for academics in the fields of tribology, manufacturing, materials and mechanical engineering.

This book presents theoretical studies of electronic structure, optical and spectroscopic properties of a number of compounds such as porphyrins, fullerenes and heteroatomic single-wall nanotubes. The book presents new, faster calculation methods for application in quantum-chemical theory of electronic structures. It addresses issues of practical importance such as the development of materials for photosensitizers, organic LEDs and solar cells.

This book presents highlighted results coming up from NanoCarbon2011, a Brazilian Carbon event. The topics cover the latest advances in Brazilian basic and applied research related to different carbon materials. The chapters address reviews ontheir fundamental and outstanding properties and describe various classes of new promising high-tech applications for carbon materials.

The Third IUTAM Symposium on Creep in Structures was held at Leicester University in September 1980 thereby continuing the tradition of a ten yearly review of progress in structural creep initiated by the previous symposia held at Stanford University in 1960 and Chalmers University in 1970. The thirty eight papers and their discussions cont ained in this volume testify to the vigour of research into the creep of structures at the present time. During the last ten years a gradual change of emphasis has occurred in creep research from studies of deformation and stability towards the description...

This volume contains the proceedings of the IUTAM Symposium on Dynamical Problems for Rigid-elastic Systems and Structures held in Moscow, USSR in May 1990. This symposium brought together scientists working in the fields of multibody system dynamics and finite element systems with special emphasis to modeling, simulation, optimization and control. The scientific lectures were devoted to the following topics: - Modeling and optimization; - Dynamics of systems with elastic constraints; - Vibrations; - Multibody systems. The papers presented indicate the importance of these topics with respect...

Representing a paradigm shift in the architecture of quantum optics and offering building blocks for all-optical and hybrid quantum technologies, this book describes quantum photonic devices based on waveguide circuits embedded in miniature monolithic chips.

Proceedings of the International Conferences LEAP'11 (Low Energy Antiproton Physics) held from April 27th to May, 1st 2011 in Vancouver, Canada and hosted by TRIUMF, Canada's National Laboratory for Particle and Nuclear Physics.
Now the research in exotic atoms has a remarkable history of more than 50 years. Enormous success in the understanding of fundamental interactions and symmetries resulted from the research on these tiny objects at the femtoscale. This volume contains research papers on recent achievements and future opportunities of this highly interdisciplinary field of atomic,...

This bookprovides recent information on nanocomposites tribology.

Chapter1provides information ontribology of bulk polymer nanocomposites and nanocomposite coatings. Chapter 2 is dedicated to nano and micro PTFE for surface lubrication of carbon fabric reinforced polyethersulphone composites. Chapter 3 describes Tribology of MoS_{2 -b}ased nanocomposites. Chapter 4 contains information on friction and wear of Al₂O₂-based composites with dispersed and agglomerated nanoparticles. Finally, chapter 5 is dedicated to wear of multi-scale phase reinforced...

Mobility Gradient of Polystyrene in Films Supported on Solid Substrates, by Yoshihisa Fujii, Hiroshi Morita, Atsushi Takahara and Keiji Tanaka Probing Properties of Polymers in Thin Films Via Dewetting, by Gunter Reiter Heterogeneous and Aging Dynamics in Single and Stacked Thin Polymer Films, by Koji Fukao, Takehide Terasawa, Kenji Nakamura, Daisuke Tahara Heterogeneous Dynamics of Polymer Thin Films as Studied by Neutron Scattering, by Rintaro Inoue and Toshiji Kanaya

This work tries to provide an elementary introduction to the notions of continuum limit and universality in statistical systems with a large number of degrees of freedom. The existence of a continuum limit requires the appearance of correlations at large distance, a situation that is encountered in second order phase transitions, near the critical temperature. In this context, we will emphasize the role of gaussian distributions and their relations with the mean field approximation and Landau's theory of critical phenomena. We will show that quasi-gaussian or mean-field approximations cannot...

The creation of the hollow carbon buckminsterfullerene molecule as well as methods to produce and purify bulk quantities of it has triggered an explosive growth of research in the field. Superconducting and magnetic fullerides, atoms trapped inside the fullerene cage, chemically bonded fullerene complexes, and nanometer-scale helical carbon tubes are some of the leading areas that have generated much excitement. This book is intended as a guide to the literature for the scientist who is just entering fullerene research, and should be one more valuable volume to the collection for the...

Materials that can mold the ?ow of elastic waves of certain energy in certain directions are called phononic materials. The present thesis deals essentially with such phononic systems, which are structured in the mesoscale (1 lm), and with their individual components. Such systems show interesting phononic properties in the hypersonic region, i.e., at frequencies in the GHz range. It is shown that colloidal systems are excellent model systems for the realization of such phononic materials. Therefore, different structures and particle architectures are investigated by Brillouin light...

-On the Mechanisms Leading to Exfoliated Nanocomposites Prepared by Mixing By C. D. Han -Phase Behavior and Phase Transitions in AB- and ABA-type Microphase-Separated Block Copolymers By J. K. Kim, C. D. Han -New Class Materials of Organic-Inorganic Hybridized Nanocrystals/Nanoparticles, and Their Assembled Microand Nano-Structure Toward Photonics By H. Oikawa, T. Onodera, A. Masuhara, H. Kasai, H. Nakanishi -Poly(substituted Methylene) Synthesis: Construction of C-C Main Chain from One Carbon Unit By E. Ihara

It's well known that the structural characteristics of food materials influence their mass transfer, especially their water transfer properties during such processes as drying, hydration, and storage. In porous cereal-based products, for example, effective water diffusivity is highly affected by the volume fraction and distribution of both solid and gas phases, while in dense food materials, such as fat-based or other edible coatings, it depends on factors that affect the "tightness" of the molecular structure (e.g., free volume, cohesive energy density, crystallinity). This Brief will review...

Discover a new generation of organic nanomaterials and their applications

Recent developments in nanoscience and nanotechnology have given rise to a new generation of functional organic nanomaterials with controlled morphology and well-defined properties, which enable a broad range of useful applications. This book explores some of the most important of these organic nanomaterials, describing how they are synthesized and characterized. Moreover, the book explains how researchers have incorporated organic nanomaterials into devices for real-world applications.

Featuring...

Exhibiting both homogeneous and heterogeneous catalytic properties, nanocatalysts allow for rapid and selective chemical transformations, with the benefits of excellent product yield and ease of catalyst separation and recovery. This book reviews the catalytic performance and the synthesis and characterization of nanocatalysts, examining the current state of the art and pointing the way towards new avenues of research. Moreover, the authors discuss new and emerging applications of nanocatalysts and nanocatalysis, from pharmaceuticals to fine chemicals to renewable energy to...