"Astronautics and Aeronautics" for 1978 is the 18th volume in a series of annual chronological digests of principal events in the fields of astronautics and aeronautics. Initiated in 1961 with a compendium of events from 1915-1960, this series is designed to serve as a reference for policymakers, reference librarians, and researchers. Each entry is followed by one or more citations of sources to which users may turn for further information on the particular event or development being chronicled. The Astronautics and Aeronautics series is one way in which the NASA History Office has attempted...

"Astronautics and Aeronautics" for 1979-1984 completes the series of annual chronologies of events in aeronautics, aviation, and space science and exploration prepared by the History Division of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration since 1961. The concluding volume of the series, Astronautics and Aeronautics for 1985, was published in 1988. Initiated in 1961 with a compendium of events from 1915-1960, this series is designed to serve as a reference for policymakers, reference librarians, and researchers. Each entry is followed by one or more citations of sources to which users...

This chronology of events in aeronautics, aviation, space science, and space exploration was prepared by for the History Division of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). It covers the years 1991-1995 and continues the series of annual chronologies published by NASA. Initiated in 1961 with a compendium of events from 1915-1960, this series is designed to serve as a reference for policymakers, reference librarians, and researchers. Each entry is followed by one or more citations of sources to which users may turn for further information on the particular event or...

"Astronautics and Aeronautics" for 1976 is the next volume in a series of annual chronological digests of principal events in the fields of astronautics and aeronautics. Initiated in 1961 with a compendium of events from 1915-1960, this series is designed to serve as a reference for policymakers, reference librarians, and researchers. Each entry is followed by one or more citations of sources to which users may turn for further information on the particular event or development being chronicled. The Astronautics and Aeronautics series is one way in which the NASA History Office has attempted...

"Astronautics and Aeronautics" for 1985 continues the series of annual chronologies of events in aeronautics, aviation, and space science and exploration prepared by the History Office of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Initiated in 1961 with a compendium of events from 1915-1960, this series is designed to serve as a reference for policymakers, reference librarians, and researchers. Each entry is followed by one or more citations of sources to which users may turn for further information on the particular event or development being chronicled. The Astronautics and...

The NASA Authorization Act of 2005 articulated a new strategy for the nation's space program by specifically stating that "The Administrator shall establish a program to develop a sustained human presence on the Moon, including a robust precursor program, to promote exploration, science, commerce, and United States preeminence in space, and as a stepping-stone to future exploration of Mars and other destinations." This vision calls for a progressive expansion of human capabilities beyond low-Earth orbit (LEO), seeking to answer profound scientific and philosophical questions while responding...

This Addendum to the Mars Reference Mission was developed as a companion document to NASA Special Publication 6107, "Human Exploration of Mars: The Reference Mission of the NASA Exploration Study Team." The Addendum summarizes changes and updates to the Mars Reference Mission that were developed by the Exploration Office since the final draft of SP 6107 was printed in early 1998. The Reference Mission is a tool used by the Exploration Team and the exploration community to compare and evaluate approaches to mission and system concepts that could be used for human exploration missions. It is...

Mars has long beckoned to humankind from its travels high in the night sky. The ancients assumed this rust-red wanderer was the god of war and christened it with the name we still use today. Early explorers armed with newly invented telescopes discovered that this planet exhibited seasonal changes in color, was subjected to dust storms that encircled the globe, and may have even had channels that crisscrossed its surface. Recent explorers, using robotic surrogates to extend their reach, have discovered that Mars is even more complex and fascinating-a planet peppered with craters, cut by...

This publication documents the origins of the Lunar Orbiter Program and records the activities of the missions then in progress. Covers the period 1963 - 1970 when Lunar Orbiters were providing the Apollo program with photographic and selenodetic data for evaluating proposed astronaut landing sites.

In the fall of 1957, with the launch of Sputnik I. scientists began to explore a new universe outside the Earth's atmosphere, a universe previously invisible to astronomers and beyond the reach of physicists. Scientists and the media promptly nicknamed this universe "space" and began to call the people who explored it "space scientists." In the spring of 1958, the United States created the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and directed it to maintain US leadership in space science and technology. At the same time, the National Academy of Sciences created a Space Science...