The first decade of the Space Age is behind us and now in the hands of the historians. It was a period of dynamic advance, bringing new appreciations of our solar environment and new capabilities to develop and exploit advancing knowledge and techniques. Since the space challenge of the next decade is likely to be just as demanding and rewarding as that of the last one, perhaps we may gain useful perspective by reflecting upon our experiences even as we contemplate tomorrow. Ten years ago our planning for the future required the piecing together and development of the organization and...

How the voyage of Apollo 11 came to pass after seven years of concerted national effort will occupy the serious attention of competent historians for years to come. The moon walk of Astronauts Armstrong and Aldrin was an important achievement in the progress of man. This dramatic event was shared on live television by half a billion people around our small planet, involving the entire globe in a unique common historical event of all mankind. New questions concerning the place of man in the universe have been raised, which should stimulate inquiry into the philosophical aspects of space travel...

History is a word with varied meanings. They range from one conveying idealistic images, to fat books of ultimate truth, to the professional's prejudices concerning history as an intellectual discipline. To those of us who have been privileged to be wholly immersed in science and technology of aeronautics and space over a number of years, history perhaps is the sense of accomplishment. While this chronology volume is not a history, it does attempt to provide a first-cut reference to events and commentary during a most crowded year and the year that man first set foot upon an extraterrestrial...

This volume provides an immediate reference to aerospace-related events of 1970, enabling all of us to broaden or to refresh our crowded memories. As part of NASA% chronology series it is intended to help historians and other analysts in preserving historical accuracy and precisian. Perhaps the Apollo 13 problems that resulted in using the lunar lander Aquarius as a "lifeboat" will be the most readily recalled of the 1970 events. Yet, as this volume clearly indicates, there were many significant milestones in space and aeronautics. The lunar samples returned by Apollo 11 and 12 were...

This chronology of events in aeronautics, aviation, space science, and space exploration covers the years 1986-1990 and continues the series of annual chronologies published by NASA.

This volume is the eleventh in NASA's series of annual chronologies of astronautics and aeronautics. The intent is to provide a preliminary historical reference which at least identifies, orders, and offers partial documentation for key events of the year. One of the curious aspects of these chronology volumes is that the very process of documenting NASA's portion of them reveals not only continuities but also distinctive patterns in the unfolding events. Each year has seemed to emerge with characteristics of its own. The year 1971 was no exception. As NASA's record unfolds in these pages, it...

NASA's twelfth annual chronology of events in astronautics and aeronautics reflects a U.S. space program redefined to be less costly and perhaps less spectacular in the 1970s than in the previous decade-yet this volume records a continued and indeed matured response to the challenges of space, both in scientific exploration and in practical uses. The year 1972 closed with the triumphant end of the Apollo program. The mass of data from the manned explorations of the moon and data still being collected by instruments left on the moon's surface combined with events on earth to intensify...

This chronological collection of aeronautical and space events of 1974 shows that the emphasis in technology has shifted from the problems of how to operate in air and space to the practical use of those environments to meet human needs. Although the immediate use of technology was emphasized in 1974, NASA also looked to the future. In NASA's 1974 total, 11 spacecraft were paid for by non-NASA users; 10 were international. In addition, two Italian launches used NASA launch vehicles. Operational satellites-all of whose costs, including launch costs, were paid for by others-included six for...

This NASA Chronology provides a diary of significant events in astronautics and aeronautics in the year 1975. Initiated in 1961 with a compendium of events from 1915-1960, this series is designed to serve as a reference for policymakers, reference librarians, and researchers. Each entry is followed by one or more citations of sources to which users may turn for further information on the particular event or development being chronicled. The Astronautics and Aeronautics series is one way in which the NASA History Office has attempted to implement its charter to disseminate information about...

"Astronautics and Aeronautics" for 1977 is the 17th volume in a series of annual chronological digests of principal events in the fields of astronautics and aeronautics. Initiated in 1961 with a compendium of events from 1915-1960, this series is designed to serve as a reference for policymakers, reference librarians, and researchers. Each entry is followed by one or more citations of sources to which users may turn for further information on the particular event or development being chronicled. The Astronautics and Aeronautics series is one way in which the NASA History Office has attempted...