This book explains the effect of different tolerant stress agents such as antioxidants, natural extracts,biofertilizers, etc..... on physiological, viral and nutrition responses in plants and soils. Also, introduces some of the different methods used to tolerant stress resulting from the increase of free radical of some other elements. This in addition to the recognize of the internal changes resulting from virus infection. The main goal of this book was to get the highest productivity with the highest quality of crops that have been planted under the egyptian soil conditions.

All types of living organisms including animals, plants, fungi, and bacteria are hosts for viruses, but most viruses infect only one type of host. Viruses cause many important plant diseases and are responsible for losses in crop yield and quality in all parts of the world. The purpose of this book is to provide an overview of the fascinating microscopic world of plant viruses and to focus on the recent development of plant virus control.

This investigation was carried out to achieve the following: 1.Conducting some molecular studies on PLRV such as: Extraction of RNA Reverse transcriptiom reaction PCR Purification of PCR product Cloning of PCR product Large scale plasmid preparation(Maxi-prep) Subcloning Large scale plasmid preparation(Maxi-prep) 2.Using of modern serological methods for rapid detection of PLRV such as: ELISA DBIA TBIA 3.Recognize the intracellular changes induced by the PLRV using Electron Microscopy 4.Production of PLRV-free potato plants."

Pelargonium (Pelargonium graveolens L.) is one of the most important aromatic crops in many parts of the world as well as in Egypt. It is used also as ornamental crop in many gardens. The present studies aimed to recognize the effect of bioproductes and biofertilizers as bioagents, the effect of fungicide alternatives(plante extracts, essential oils, ascopien and potasien macro elements, and micro elements, yeast and garlic, and throw light on the importance of using tissue culture in decreasing the deterioration of productivity of Pelargonium graveolens plants

Viruses appear to be the most destructive group of plant pathogens. Cloning in plasmid vectors has a wide range of practical applications in plant molecular biology.This investigation was curried out to achieve:1- Conducting some molecular studies on plant viruses such as: Extraction of RNA, Reverse transcriptiom reaction, PCR, Cloning of PCR product, Subcloning. Using of modern serological methods for rapid detection of plant viruses such as: ELISA, DBIA, and TBIA. In addition to achieve ultrathin sectioning using electron microscopy to recognize the internal changes induced by virus, and...

Genetic engineering (also called gene modification) means manipulation of this master program. Genes, mostly from other, often totally unrelated species are inserted in the genetic "master program." Genes from e.g. fish, scorpions, bacteria and viruses have been inserted into food plants in genetic engineering projects.Genetic engineering is one of the most important technologies now available to scientists. The technology was crucial to the sequencing of the human genome, and has greatly increased the potential for developing new medicines. One of the first genetic engineering advances...