This CCP articulates the management direction for Muscatatuck NWR for the next 15 years. Through goals, objectives, and strategies, this CCP describes how the Refuge intends to fulfill its purpose and contribute to the overall mission of the National Wildlife Refuge System. Prior to the CCP, Refuge management was guided by a 1982 Master Plan, which is now dated, and other short-term plans of limited scope. There is a need for a broad, long-term look at management direction given changed conditions and scientific information, and over 40 years of on-the-ground experience by the Service...

The Service developed the CCP in compliance with the National Wildlife Refuge System Improvement Act of 1997 (Improvement Act) and Part 602 (National Wildlife Refuge System Planning) of "The Fish and Wildlife Service Manual." The actions described within this CCP meet the requirements of the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (NEPA). Compliance with the NEPA included the involvement of the public. The planning process and public involvement are described in section 1.6, "The Planning Process."

This Comprehensive Conservation Plan (CCP) for the Canaan Valley National Wildlife Refuge (refuge) was prepared pursuant to the National Wildlife Refuge Administration Act of 1966 (16 U.S.C. 668dd-668ee), as amended by the National Wildlife Refuge System Improvement Act of 1997 (Refuge Improvement Act) (Public Law 105-57; 111 Stat. 1253). An Environmental Assessment (EA), as required by the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (NEPA), was prepared with the draft CCP.

Eastern Neck National Wildlife Refuge (refuge, NWR) is a 2,286-acre island in Kent County, Maryland. Established in 1962, its purposes are to provide longterm protection for unique wetlands, threatened or endangered species and migratory birds of conservation concern, and to sustain regionally significant concentrations of wildlife.

The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (Service) is the principal Federal agency responsible for conserving, protecting, and enhancing fish, wildlife, plants, and their habitats for the continuing benefit of the American people. The Service manages the National Wildlife Refuge System comprised of over 150 million acres including 555 national wildlife refuges and thousands of waterfowl production areas. The Service also operates 70 national fish hatcheries and 81 ecological services field stations. The agency enforces Federal wildlife laws, manages migratory bird populations, restores nationally...

The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (Service) is the principal Federal agency responsible for conserving, protecting, and enhancing fish, wildlife, plants, and their habitats for the continuing benefit of the American people. The Service manages the National Wildlife Refuge System comprised of over 150 million acres including 555 national wildlife refuges and thousands of waterfowl production areas. The Service also operates 70 national fish hatcheries and 81 ecological services field stations. The agency enforces Federal wildlife laws, manages migratory bird populations, restores nationally...

Humboldt Bay National Wildlife Refuge Complex (Complex), which includes Humboldt Bay National Wildlife Refuge (NWR) and Castle Rock NWR, is located on the northern coast of California. Humboldt Bay NWR is located in the vicinity of Eureka and Arcata with refuge units distributed around Humboldt Bay, the largest bay between San Francisco Bay and Coos Bay, Oregon. In 1971, Humboldt Bay NWR was established to conserve coastal habitats for a great diversity of animals and plants, especially migratory birds. Years later Humboldt Bay NWR added the Lanphere and Male'l Dunes Units to help conserve...

Native species discussed in this document are referred to by their Hawaiian names. Common English names and scientific nomenclature can also be found in the glossary in Appendix A. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service endeavors to be accurate in its use of the Hawaiian language and correctly spell Hawaiian words, including the diacritical marks that affect the meaning and aid in pronunciation. This guide is provided to simplify pronunciation for the reader.

We developed alternatives, including preferred and no action alternatives, as required by National Environmental Policy Act regulations, for each of the following refuges. Two alternatives were developed for the Lewis and Clark National Wildlife Refuge and three alternatives were developed for the Julia Butler Hansen Refuge for the Columbian White-tailed Deer (refuges). We compared and assessed issues, opportunities, and options for managing the refuges in the alternatives.

Comprehensive Conservation Plans provide long-term guidance for management decisions; set forth goals, objectives and strategies needed to accomplish refuge purposes; and, identify the Fish and Wildlife Service's best estimate of future needs. These plans detail program planning levels that are sometimes substantially above current budget allocations and, as such, are primarily for Service strategic planning and program prioritization purposes. The plans do not constitute a commitment for staffing increases, operational and maintenance increases, or funding for future land acquisition.