Ion implantation is one of the key processing steps in silicon integrated circuit technology. Some integrated circuits require up to 17 implantation steps and circuits are seldom processed with less than 10 implantation steps. Controlled doping at controlled depths is an essential feature of implantation. Ion beam processing can also be used to improve corrosion resistance, to harden surfaces, to reduce wear and, in general, to improve materials properties. This book presents the physics and materials science of ion implantation and ion beam modification of materials. It covers ion-solid...
Ion implantation is one of the key processing steps in silicon integrated circuit technology. Some integrated circuits require up to 17 implantation s...
One of the key problems of failure-free operation of machinery is prevention of corrosion. The global scale of modern production makes this problem even more critical. At the beginning of the 21st century industrial contami- tion and the corrosion-active nature of the environment reached a level such that corrosive damage of materials became commensurate with their prod- tion volume and expenditure on anticorrosion protection of machines became comparable with investments in basic production. Anticorrosion techniques changed from being an auxiliary service to industrial enterprises into a...
One of the key problems of failure-free operation of machinery is prevention of corrosion. The global scale of modern production makes this problem ev...
Aimed at researchers and graduate students, this book provides up-to-date information about the electronic interactions that impact the optical properties of rare earth ions in solids. Its goal is to establish a connection between fundamental principles and the materials properties of rare-earth activated luminescent and laser optical materials. The theoretical survey and introduction to spectroscopic properties covers electronic energy level structure, intensities of optical transitions, ion-phonon interactions, line broadening, and energy transfer and up-conversion. An important aspect...
Aimed at researchers and graduate students, this book provides up-to-date information about the electronic interactions that impact the optical pro...
Chalcopyrites, in particular those with a wide band gap, are fascinating materials in terms of their technological potential in the next generation of thin-film solar cells and in terms of their basic material properties. They exhibit uniquely low defect formation energies, leading to unusual doping and phase behavior and to extremely benign grain boundaries. This book collects articles on a number of those basic material properties of wide-gap chalcopyrites, comparing them to their low-gap cousins. They explore the doping of the materials, the electronic structure and the transport through...
Chalcopyrites, in particular those with a wide band gap, are fascinating materials in terms of their technological potential in the next generation of...
Molecular-orbital calculations for materials design such as alloys, ceramics, and coordination compounds are now possible for experimentalists. Molecuar-orbital calculations for the interpretation of chemical effect of spectra are also possible for experimentalists. The most suitable molecular-orbital calculation method for these purpose is the DV-Xa method, which is robust in such a way that the calculation converges to a result even if the structure of the molecule or solid is impossible in the pressure and temperature ranges on earth. This book specially addresses the methods to design...
Molecular-orbital calculations for materials design such as alloys, ceramics, and coordination compounds are now possible for experimentalists. Mol...
Waves represent a classic topic of study in physics, mathematics, and engineering. Many modern technologies are based on our understanding of waves and their interaction with matter. In the past thirty years there have been some revolutionary developments in the study of waves. The present volume is the only available source which details these developments in a systematic manner, with the aim of reaching a broad audience of non-experts. It is an important resource book for those interested in understanding the physics underlying nanotechnology and mesoscopic phenomena, as well as for...
Waves represent a classic topic of study in physics, mathematics, and engineering. Many modern technologies are based on our understanding of waves...
The field of thermoelectrics has grown dramatically in recent years. In particular new and novel materials research has been undertaken and device applications have increased. In spite of this resurgence of interest there are very few books available that outline the basic concepts in this field. Thus it is necessary that a book be written that encompasses the basic theory and introduces some of the resent research into improved materials for solid-state cooling and power generation. Therefore the aim of this book is threefold. First, to present the basic theory of thermoelectricity. Both...
The field of thermoelectrics has grown dramatically in recent years. In particular new and novel materials research has been undertaken and device app...
The glass transition is well known to glass makers or from the common ex- perience of drying a used chewing gum. A liquid melt or a rubber becomes a solid glass when its temperature is lowered or a solvent is extracted without crystallization. There are also dynamic effects. The viscosity of a liquid is small at high temperatures but increases dramatically as cooling proceeds down to the glass temperature T - The increase is continuous and amounts g to about fifteen orders of magnitude The technical importance of the glass transition cannot be overestimated. A few examples will be presented...
The glass transition is well known to glass makers or from the common ex- perience of drying a used chewing gum. A liquid melt or a rubber becomes a s...
The precedent book with the title "Structural Analysis of Point Defects in Solids: An introduction to multiple magnetic resonance spectroscopy" ap- peared about 10 years ago. Since then a very active development has oc- curred both with respect to the experimental methods and the theoretical interpretation of the experimental results. It would therefore not have been sufficient to simply publish a second edition of the precedent book with cor- rections and a few additions. Furthermore the application of the multiple magnetic resonance methods has more and more shifted towards materials...
The precedent book with the title "Structural Analysis of Point Defects in Solids: An introduction to multiple magnetic resonance spectroscopy" ap- pe...
Chemical Mechanical Planarization (CMP) has emerged in the last two decades and grown rapidly as a basic technology widely used in semiconduc- tor device fabrication. As a semiconductor processing step, it was developed at IBM in the mid 1980s. From this beginning the technology has been widely adopted throughout the semiconductor industry. As basic CMP technology has been understood and accepted throughout the semiconductor industry, its uses in different parts of the semiconductor process have multiplied. This includes special steps for some special process- ing flows, such as for DRAM...
Chemical Mechanical Planarization (CMP) has emerged in the last two decades and grown rapidly as a basic technology widely used in semiconduc- tor dev...
