Although studies on synthetic dyes have been performed for more than 100 years, their detailed elucidation requires further extensive research. The discovery of novel high polymers, the necessity of supplying a whole range of shades and increasing require ments for dyestuffs of high fastness properties give rise to a permanent search for new dyes. Extensive investigations on dyes were also occasioned by various applications in the field of spectral sensitization and of staining of biological specimens. Another more recent development concerns the lasing properties of some organic dyes. Most...

It seems likely that no project of this magnitude is undertaken in the absence of several motivations. This book is no exception. There are, from our perspective, at least two rational reasons for conducting this cataloging and organizational effort. The first of these is the obvious fact that a very large number of macrocyclic polyethers have now been prepared and nowhere is there a comprehensive listing of them. A number of excellent reviews have been published dealing with one or more aspects of macrocycle chemistry, but we felt a great need for a single source listing known compounds. We...

The application of silicon reagents in organic synthesis has grown at an increasingly rapid rate over the last twenty years. This has been the result of truly international interest. Signifi- cant contributions have been made by Japanese, Russian, Ger- man, French, English, American, Swiss and Canadian as well as by chemists from many other countries. This monograph attempts to comprehensively cover this field. Some seventeen hundred articles reporting contributions by over eighteen hundred scientists are summarized. Nevertheless, I have no doubt that interesting and important work has been...

The anomeric effect is a well-defined and much studied example of a deep- seated and very general effect in organic chemistry. It involves a fundamental interaction between the lone pair electrons of oxygen and the antibonding orbitals of adjacent bonds, which can control not only conformation but also reactivity in suitable systems. So the heart of this book is a consideration of the properties of non-bonding pairs of electrons, and the influence of orbital- orbital interactions on structure and reactivity. I have been lucky in recent months to be able to discuss various matters arising in...

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The Diels-Alder reaction has long been a powerful tool in organic synthesis. In recent years, the Alder ene reaction has also achieved some prominence. From the beginning, it was apparent that the intramolecular variants of these reactions would be feasible. Many such have been reported, but the results are widely scattered in the chemical literature. This volume is an attempt to synthesize results observed to date, and to suggest directions for future development. One of the limiting factors in the application of the intramolecular Diels Alder reaction has been the development of methods for...

Chromium oxidation, well known and widely explored in organic chemistry since the very beginning of this science, is a topic of current interest for the organic chemist as evidenced by the continuous development of new techni ques and procedures reported in the literature. Chromium oxidation is a simple process which can be easily performed in the laboratory and scaled up in industry as well. Although almost every oxidizable organic functional group may undergo chromium oxidation, the most important fields of appli cation are the oxidation of alcohols, allylic and benzylic oxidation,...

Although the first electroorganic reaction used in organic synthesis is probably the famous Kolbe electrolysis published in 1849, no other remarkable reactions have been found until the reductive dimerization of acrylonitrile to adipo nitrile was developed by Dr. M. M. Baizer of Monsanto Co. in 1964. Since then, the electro organic chemistry has been studied extensively with the expectation that it is a new useful tool for finding novel reactions in organic synthesis. The purpose of this book is not to give a comprehensive survey of studies on electrochemical reactions of organic compounds...

The field of organometallic chemistry has enjoyed explosive growth in recent years. During this time a rapidly increasing number of metals have found utility in organic synthesis as the corresponding organometallic compounds. The sub ject of "Organic Synthesis by Means of Transition Metal Complexes" was reviewed in the first volume of this series of monographs. This volume deals primarily with the appli cation of organomercury compounds in organic synthesis (exclusive of solvomercuration-demercuration reactions), but will of necessity involve a number of reactions of other organometallics as...

Titanium has been used to perform many kinds of reactions in organic and inorganic chemistry. The present book is concerned primarily with a new development in titanium chemistry which is useful in organic synthesis. In 1979/80 it was discovered that the titanation of classical carbanions using C1TiX leads to species with reduced basicity and reactivity. This increases 3 chemo-, regio-and stereo selectivity in reactions with organic compounds such as aldehydes, ketones and alkyl halides. Many new examples have been reported in recent times. Since the nature of the ligand X at titanium can be...