The biotechnology/biopharmaceutical sector has tremendously grown which led to the invention of engineered antibodies such as Antibody Drug Conjugates (ADCs), Bispecific T cell engager ( BITES), Dual Variable Domain ( DVD), Chimeric Antigen Receptor  - Modified Tcells (CART) that are currently being used as therapeutic agents for immunology and oncology disease conditions.  In addition to other pharmaceuticals and biopharmaceuticals, all these novel formats are fragile with respect to  their stability/structure under processing conditions meaning marginal stability in the liquid state...

This is a comprehensive textbook addressing the unique aspects of drug development for ophthalmic use.  Beginning with a perspective on anatomy and physiology of the eye, the book provides a critical appraisal of principles that underlie ocular drug product development. The coverage encompasses topical and intraocular formulations, small molecules and biologics (including protein and gene therapies), conventional formulations (including solutions, suspensions, and emulsions), novel formulations (including nanoparticles, microparticles, and hydrogels), devices, and specialty products. ...