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This collection of essays focuses on rules and observances in medieval monasteries and provides a survey of how the efficacy of religious communities could be ensured. The book offers a rich variety of perspectives, including the role of exhortatory literature and education, the problem of maintaining obedience, the implementation of reform, the importance of architectural features, the relative merits of the eremitical (religious recluse), and the monastic form of the vita religiosa. While the emphasis is on the history of the Franciscan order between the 13th and 15th centuries, articles on...

The Normans have long been recognised as one of the most dynamic forces within medieval western Europe. With a reputation for aggression and conquest, they rapidly expanded their powerbase from Normandy, and by the end of the twelfth century had established themselves in positions of strength from England to Sicily, Antioch to Dublin. Yet, despite this success recent scholarship has begun to question the Norman Achievement and look again at the degree to which a single Norman cultural identity existed across so diverse a territory. To explore this idea further, all the essays in this volume...

Am Beispiel des lateinischen Kaiserreichs von Konstantinopel analysiert der Band erstmals die Wechselwirkung zwischen Konzeptionen kaiserlicher Herrschaft und grossraumigen Herrschaftsverbunden im ostlichen Mittelmeerraum des 13. Jahrhunderts im synchronen und diachronen Vergleich. So wird deutlich, welche Folgen das spannungsreiche Zusammenspiel von lateinischer und byzantinischer Welt im mediterranen Raum hatte.

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