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Oral cavity contains a large and diverse micro flora, including Gram positive and Gram-negative bacteria along with viruses and fungi. Dental diseases such as dental caries and periodontal diseases are as a result of bacterial infections. S.mutans and Lactobacillus are mainly responsible for dental caries. Neem (Azadirachta indica) belonging to meliacea family with Azadirachtin as an active ingredient has been used to clean the teeth and fight bacterial and fungal infections. .Our study was conducted to assess the antibacterial activity of water-soluble formulation of neem metabolite...

Human face is a complex mosaic of lines, angles, planes, shapes, textures and colours. The interplay between these elements can create an infinite variety of facial forms. Diagnosis and treatment planning in orthodontics by conventional osseous cephalometric norms have not been reliable. These cephalometric analyses concentrated mainly on the measurements of hard tissue structures which were not proportionate to the soft tissues of the face. Treatment based on cephalometric hard tissue norms in many instances, may, in fact, create undesirable facial changes. The advantage of soft tissue...

The oral cavity is said to be the mirror of systemic diseases and many systemic diseases may be identified on the basis of oral manifestation alone. With the advent of sensitive immunochemical assay, the composition profile of human salivary secretion has been expanding considerably. The establishment of range of normal values for a variety of intrinsic and extrinsic salivary components represents an initial step to use saliva as a diagnostic tool to assess oral health status. Diabetes mellitus is one such complex, multifactorial genetic disorder of unknown etiology characterized by...

Biomechanical preparation, disinfection and obturation all together constitute equally important phases of endodontic treatment. Chemomechanical preparation of the root canal through a combination of mechanical instrumentation and antibacterial irrigation is the critical stage in canal disinfection. During the last decade, several new nickel titanium instruments for manual root canal preparation as well as for use in a rotary endodontic handpiece have been developed in order to facilitate the difficult and time consuming process of cleaning and shaping the root canal system and to improve the...

Diabetes is a progressive and life-threatening disease with potentially devastating consequences for health. The associated complications are retinopathy, nephropathy, and neuropathy, altered wound healing and periodontal disease. Conditions which exhibit altered tryptophan metabolism are patients undergoing orthodontic treatment, patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma, renal failure, hypertension or diabetes and periodontal disease. The role of metabolites of tryptophan via kynurenine pathway has been speculated in type 2 diabetes due to its anti-insulin action. In this study the...