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Chordate Origins and Evolution: The Molecular Evolutionary Road to Vertebrates focuses on echinoderms (starfish, sea urchins, and others), hemichordates (acorn worms, etc.), cephalochordates (lancelets), urochordates or tunicates (ascidians, larvaceans and others), and vertebrates. In general, evolution of these groups is discussed independently, on a larger scale: ambulacrarians (echi+hemi) and chordates (cephlo+uro+vert). Until now, discussion of these topics has been somewhat fragmented, and this work provides a unified presentation of the essential information.

In the...

This book describes the methods used to construct general circulation models (GCMs) of the atmosphere, and how such models perform in applications relating to the real climate and environmental systems. Part 1 summarizes the physical processes involved; Part 2 covers atmospheric structures; Part 3 outlines basic steps for constructing GCMs. Includes an appendix with basic data and mathematical formulae to enable readers to construct GCMs for themselves.

This book targets the issue of water scarcity in Egypt as a typical example of the world water crisis. Today, the available water resource is facing its limit because of rapid increase in water demand as a result of population growth and changes in peoples life-style. The basic idea to solve the problem of water scarcity is that the irrigation sector, the biggest user of water, should increase water use efficiency. However, the real problem is how this can be achieved in view of the crucial need for water in this sector. This book addresses this challenge through case studies from the Nile...

• Provides the reader with the theoretical background to...

The main objective of the book is to highlight the modeling of magnetic particles with different shapes and magnetic properties, to provide graduate students and young researchers information on the theoretical aspects and actual techniques for the treatment of magnetic particles in particle-based simulations. In simulation, we focus on the Monte Carlo, molecular dynamics, Brownian dynamics, lattice Boltzmann and stochastic rotation dynamics (multi-particle collision dynamics) methods. The latter two simulation methods can simulate both the particle motion and the ambient flow field...

This book unlocks the secrets of a powerful and sustainable brain, as well as explores the concept of a hybrid-powered brain and the transformative potential of the "Small Ketogenic" system.

Supplying the brain with an ample energy substrate is vital for a positive mindset and a fulfilling day. Adequate energy fuels sharp thinking and clear judgement, while an energy-deficient brain leads to a variety of problems. Low blood glucose levels make it difficult to remember and amplify negative emotions. Delve into the brain's often-overlooked energy system to avoid these...