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This book is dealing with the causes of osteoporosis in diabetic and non-diabetic postmenopausal women. Many biochemical markers were used for diagnosis of osteoporosis, these including osteocalcin, bone alkaline phosphatase, and NTX in blood, and DPYr in urine. The results of these markers were confirmed by DEXA. Osteoporosis was found to be more prevalent in diabetic postmenopausal women than non-diabetics.

Haptoglobin is an acute phase protein that plays a role in modulating many aspects of the acute phase response. Acute-phase changes reflect the presence and intensity of inflammation, and they have long been used as a clinical guide to diagnosis and management. For this purpose, determination of serum haptoglobin phenotypes is expected to have advantages over the traditional strategy. Haptoglobin polymorphism is associated with the prevalence and clinical evolution of many inflammatory diseases, including infections, atherosclerosis, and autoimmune disorders. In the present study we aimed to...

In Sudan, CML is the most common cancer among males and the second most common cancer among females. Differences in the site of BCR breakpoint and the types of BCR/ABL transcripts suggest that subtypes of CML may have different prognosis and clinical course. This book therefore, aimed to determine the common frequencies of BCR/ABL fusion transcripts, and to quantify the BCR/ABL fusion transcripts and to correlate the obtained findings with hematological and clinical course findings of the disease at diagnosis. Our finding in this book showed distinct genetic profile of CML in Sudan in...