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In today's service economy, many jobs require that applicants have a smiling face, helpful disposition and the ability to interact in a friendly manner with others. Or in the case of law enforcement or bill collecting, an employee can be required to be less friendly and more harsh in his or her interaction with customers or criminals.

Jobs that require emotional labor typically necessitate contact with other people external to or within the organization, usually involving face-to-face or voice-to-voice contact, especially in service work. Emotional labor requires employees to give...

Too many of the world's citizens face impoverished living standards. The economic and financial crises have made matters worse. The viewpoint of Living Standards and Social Well-Being is that the fundamental objective for an economy is provisioning, not simply efficiency. The chapters in this volume examine how economies across the globe come to understand what constitutes a living and how they can improve living standards, including balancing paid work with family life and civic responsibility.

The authors provide historical, theoretical, and empirical studies of moving...

Those toiling in the field of social economics seek to explain how the economy and social justice relate, and what this implies for economic theory and policy. Their invigorating scholarly output ranges from conceptual work on aligning economic institutions and policies with given ethical principles, to theoretical representations of individual behaviour that allow for both self-interested and pro-social motives, and to original empirical work on persistent social issues such as poverty, inequality, and unfair discrimination.

Social economics is a well-established and flourishing area...