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Like many aspects of health care, technological innovations in materials science, as well as development of new tools and techniques, drive advances in periodontal therapy. In this volume, I have attempted to provide the reader with a compilation of advanced knowledge of surgical periodontal therapy. In some respects, significant advancements are evident, such as the development of novel tools and surgical techniques for treatment of periodontal and mucogingival defects or as noted by advances in the use of laser energy to treat periodontal and peri-implant diseases as well use of loupes and...

Periodontal maintenance procedures involve the removal of plaque and calculus, and an evaluation geared toward identifying factors that may interfere with oral health. These visits may be scheduled every few weeks or as far apart as every six months. The dentist determines the frequency of the visits, which depends on the severity of the disease, the overall oral health, and the risk factors involved. Most people with a history of periodontal disease start with a three-month supportive periodontal treatment schedule. Each of these visits will include a review of the factors that interfere...

Peri-implant tissues comprise of soft and hard structures-mucosa and alveolar bone-that surround a functional dental implant. Unlike the periodontium of natural teeth, this tissue lacks a periodontal ligament and features collagen fibers aligned parallel to the implant surface, creating a less vascularized "biologic seal."In health, the mucosa remains firm and pink, characterized by the absence of bleeding on probing and no radiographic bone loss beyond initial physiological remodeling.Peri-implant diseases are plaque-induced inflammatory conditions. Peri-implant mucositis is a reversible...