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Our understanding and interest in the diagnosis and management of patients with various types of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders has increased as research has identified structural abnormalities and disease mechanisms associated with some of these disorders. Along with these discoveries, imaging modalities of the TMJ have continued to evolve during the past decade with remarkable progress. With the advent of newer techniques and computer enhancements, TMJ imaging has enabled a better appreciation for TMJ anatomy and function. Correlation of these images with clinical findings has led...

Peri-implant tissues comprise of soft and hard structures-mucosa and alveolar bone-that surround a functional dental implant. Unlike the periodontium of natural teeth, this tissue lacks a periodontal ligament and features collagen fibers aligned parallel to the implant surface, creating a less vascularized "biologic seal."In health, the mucosa remains firm and pink, characterized by the absence of bleeding on probing and no radiographic bone loss beyond initial physiological remodeling.Peri-implant diseases are plaque-induced inflammatory conditions. Peri-implant mucositis is a reversible...