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In current industrial control, PID technology is firmly established as the standard. Often, however, high control loop performance can only be obtained within narrow limits around a given steady-state operating point. If perturbations introduced by any reference or load change are outside these limitations then the actuators will constrain the system inputs. Other operational limits may also be imposed by additional variables within the plant producing output constraints.

A typical method of dealing with input and output constraints, especially for PID control, has been the...

Exploring the interface between economics and the emerging field of complexity science, this text offers the first comprehensive complex systems analysis of real-world ownership networks. Presents potent new tools for studying economic and corporate networks.

This open access book chronicles the rise of a new scientific paradigm offering novel insights into the age-old enigmas of existence. In this fascinating and accessible volume, James Glattfelder explores a radical paradigm shift uncovering the ontology of reality.

Today it appears that we understand more about the universe than about our interconnected socio-economic world. In order to uncover organizational structures and novel features in these systems, we present the first comprehensive complex systems analysis of real-world ownership networks. This effort lies at the interface between the realms of economics and the emerging field loosely referred to as complexity science. The structure of global economic power is reflected in the network of ownership ties of companies and the analysis of such ownership networks has possible implications for market...

Physical, safety or technological constraints induce that the control actuators can neither provide unlimited amplitude signals nor unlimited speed of reaction. The control problems of combat aircraft prototypes and satellite launchers offer interesting examples of the difficulties due to these major constraints.

Neglecting actuator saturations on both amplitude and dynamics can be source of undesirable or even catastrophic behavior for the closed-loop system (such as loosing closed-loop stability).

Such actuator saturations have also been blamed as one of several unfortunate...