Toxicology in Transition: Proceedings of the 1994 Eurotox Congress Meeting Held in Basel, Switzerland, August 21-24, 1994

ISBN-13: 9783642794537 / Angielski / Miękka / 2011 / 569 str.

Gisela H. Degen; J. Rg P. Seiler; Q.C . Philip Bentley

Opis

The volume contains the main papers presented at the 1994 EUROTOX Congress, Basel, Switzerland, August 21-24, 1994. Toxicology has become a less descriptive science because more importance has been placed on the mechanisms underlying toxic effects. This is reflected in symposia and workshops devoted to species differences in organ toxicity, receptor-mediated toxicity and stereochemical effects of xenobiotics. Recent progress in the fields of immunotoxicology, ecotoxicology, and neurotoxicology is highlighted and documented together with the present discussion on harmonized regulatory guidelines.

Spis treści

Genetically Modified Cells and Animals in Toxicological Research.- Concepts, potentials, methods for constructing transgenic cells and animals — Introduction.- Use of recombinant cells in metabolic and mechanistic studies (analysis of pathways).- Applications for transgenic animals in toxicology.- The Benchmark Dose Concept.- Principles, benefits and limitations of the NOEL approach.- Comparison of benchmark doses (BMD) with no-observed-adverse-effect-levels (NOAEL) and low-observed-adverse-effect-levels (LOAEL) for subchronic studies.- Bfoindicators in Ecotoxicology.- Bioindicators in ecotoxicology: an overview.- Use of cytochrome P450 1A in fish as a biomarker of aquatic pollution.- Receptor-mediated toxicity.- Cellular and molecular biology of aryl hydrocarbon (Ah) receptor-mediated gene expression.- Inhibitors of the sodium pump: toxins, then drugs, and now hormones.- Rodent responses to peroxisome proliferators — a receptor-mediated phenomenon ?.- Role of second messengers in mineral particle-induced production of reactive oxygens species by phagocytes.- Estrogenic effects of some xenobiotics.- In Vitro tests in regulatory toxicology.- In Vitro methods in regulatory toxicology: the crucial significance of validation.- Scientific, ethical and legal aspects of the acceptance of in vitro methods in regulatory toxicology.- The validation and use of in vitro teratogenicity tests.- In Vitro methods in regulatory toxicology.- In Vitro tests in regulatory toxicology: symposium chairman’s summing-up.- Ex Vivo and in Vitro Models in acetaminophen hepatotoxicity studies. Relationship between glutathione depletion, oxidative stress and disturbances in calcium homeostasis and energy metabolism.- Rabbit renal proximal tubule suspensions as a model for nephrotoxicity evaluation of native or in situ metabolized B-lactam antibiotics.- Neurobehavioral abnormalities induced by substance abuse.- Neurobehavioral abnormalities induced by prenatal exposure to substances of abuse — stating the problem.- Prenatal exposure to marihuana and tobacco during infancy, early and middle childhood: effects and an attempt at synthesis.- Delayed developmental neuro-and immunotoxicity of benzodiazepines.- Changes of EEG of freely-moving rats caused by three generation organophosphate treatment.- Developmental neurotoxicity of carbon monoxide.- Safety assessment of over the counter (OTC) products.- The safety assessment of over the counter (OTC) products.- OTC pharmaceuticals and genotoxicity testing: the paracetamol, anthraquinone, and griseofulvin cases.- Safety assessment of OTC products: doxylamine succinate.- Safety assessment of OTC products: a regulatory view.- Drug toxicity findings and no action taken.- Species specificity of organ toxicity.- Species specificity of organ toxicity.- Species specificity at the molecular level: the case of nitric oxide synthase.- Mechanisms underlying species-specificity in target organ specificity.- Species specificity of organ toxicity: behavioral differences.- Terrestrial ecotoxicity of chemical substances.- Development of OECD test guidelines and hazard assessment procedures for terrestrial effects.- Development of guidance for terrestrial effects assessment.- Application of quick and simple plant bioassays to assess the genotoxicity of environmental pollutants — Detection of potential health hazards of air, water and soil contaminants.- Comparison of susceptibility to chemicals (pesticides) of species used for human and environmental effect assessment.- Toxicological evaluation of pollutants in soil — concept of the AGU and assessment of tolerable concentrations for metals.- Immunodeflcient mouse systems.- The SCID (severe combined immnodeficiency) mouse — its biology and use in immunotoxicological research.- The SCID mouse as a tool to bridge the gap between animal and human responses.- The SCID mouse and its use in immunopharmacological and immunotoxicological investigations.- Stereochemical effects.- Chirality — from molecules to organisms.- Interactions between the in vitro metabolism of xenobiotics and fatty acids. The case of ibuprofen and other chiral profens.- Side effects and toxic reactions of chiral drugs: a clinical perspective.- Analysis of (S)-and (R)-propanolol in human plasma and urine by a specific immunoenzymtic assay versus HPLC.- Biological behavior of prestages of cancer cells.- Biological behavior of prestages of cancer cells: an introduction.- Preneoplastic lesions in kidney and carcinogenesis by non-genotoxic compounds.- Early cellular alterations in chemical liver carcinogenesis as assessed by immunohistochemical and molecular biological techniques.- Late Manuscripts.- The UK approach to the regulation and evaluation of novel foods produced by biotechnology.- Young Scientists Poster Award.- Molecular mimikry of CF3CO-lysine by lipoic acid I: the dehydrolipoamide acetyltransferase subunit of the human pyruvate dehydrogenase as autoantigen in halothane hepatitis.- Molecular mimikry of CF3CO-lysine by lipoic acid II: lipoic acid bearing proteins as autoantigen in halothane hepatitis.