Peroxidases and Catalases

ISBN-13: 9780470224762 / Angielski / Twarda / 2010 / 480 str.

H. Brian Dunford; Peter A. Jones

Opis

SINGLE SOURCE GUIDE TO PEROXIDASES AND CATALASES Reflecting the important historical discoveries and exciting research in the field in recent years, Peroxidases and Catalases: Biochemistry, Biophysics, Biotechnology and Physiology provides a much-needed systematic, up-to-date treatment of peroxidases and catalases. From the structure and properties of the various superfamilies to current applications of peroxidases, the book consolidates vast amounts of information previously scattered in the professional literature, covering all aspects of these ubiquitous enzymes that act on a variety of substances and processes in living systems--their properties, reactions, crystal structures, cloning, and more. Considering the subject from both theoretical and applied perspectives, Peroxidases and Catalases offers a critical review of the literature and detailed discussions of the most current research. Chapters cover:

• The background and history of peroxidases and catalases
• Plant, fungal, and bacterial peroxidase superfamilies and their organization
• Mammalian peroxidases including medical and physiological roles
• Spectroscopic and theoretical techniques for studying peroxidases highlighting the contributions of physicists and physical/theoretical chemists
• Heme peroxidases, catalases, and other peroxidases such as vanadium and selenium peroxidase
• Relevant plant and animal physiology

This one-stop reference is a vital reference for biochemists, biologists, biochemical engineers, physiologists, environmental and pharmaceutical researchers, and others interested in the study and use of peroxidases and catalases.

Spis treści

PREFACE.

CONTRIBUTORS.

1 HISTORICAL: PIONEERING WORK ON HORSERADISH AND YEAST CYTOCHROME c PEROXIDASES.

Introduction.

Techniques and Instrumentation.

Summary and Conclusions.

References.

2 HEME PEROXIDASE AND CATALASE FAMILIES.

Plant, Fungal, and Bacterial Peroxidases.

Mammalian Peroxidases.

Catalases.

References.

3 HORSERADISH PEROXIDASE. I. THE NATIVE ENZYME, COMPOUNDS I AND II, THEIR STRUCTURES, AND THEIR CYCLE.

Introduction.

The Classic Peroxidase Cycle.

Structure and Properties of Native Horseradish Peroxidase C.

Horseradish Peroxidase Compound I (HRP–I).

Horseradish Peroxidase Compound II (HRP–II).

Some Diverse Approaches to an Understanding of Horseradish Peroxidase.

References.

4 HORSERADISH PEROXIDASE. II. TWO–ELECTRON REACTIONS, FERROUS PEROXIDASE, COMPOUND III, THE FIVE OXIDATION STATES, OXYGEN EVOLUTION, AND INACTIVATION.

Introduction.

Two–Electron Oxidations By Compound I.

Oxygen Transfer By One–Electron Mechanisms.

Ferrous Horseradish Peroxidase and Compound III.

The Five Oxidation States of Horseradish Peroxidase.

The Catalatic Reaction.

The HRP Clock Reaction.

Enzyme Inactivation.

References.

5 HORSERADISH PEROXIDASE. III. OSCILLATIONS AND PEROXIDASE–OXIDASE REACTIONS WITH NADH, INDOLE–3–ACETIC ACID, AND ISOBUTYRALDEHYDE. LIGHT EMISSION.

Oscillations and the NADH Peroxidase–Oxidase Reaction.

Peroxidase Oxidase Reaction with Indole–3–Acetic Acid.

Reaction of Isobutyraldehyde with Horseradish Peroxidase.

References.

6 YEAST CYTOCHROME c PEROXIDASE: REACTIONS WITH SMALL SUBSTRATES.

Introduction.

Properties of Yeast Cytochrome c Peroxidase.

Crystal Structures of Yeast Cytochrome c Peroxidase, its Compounds and Complexes.

Mechanism of Compound I Formation.

The Reaction Cycle for Yeast Cytochrome c Peroxidase.

Steady–State Kinetics.

References .

7 YEAST CYTOCHROME c PEROXIDASE: REACTION WITH CYTOCHROME c.

Introduction.

Experimental Results.

References.

8 SPECTROSCOPY. I. OPTICAL, RESONANCE RAMAN, AND X–RAY ABSORPTION.

Optical Absorption Spectra.

Resonance Raman Spectra.

X–ray Absorption Spectroscopy.

References.

9 SPECTROSCOPY. II. NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE, ELECTRON SPIN, AND MÖSSBAUER.

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) Spectroscopy.

Electron Spin Resonance (ESR) Spectroscopy.

Mössbauer Spectroscopy.

References.

10 THEORETICAL.

Peroxidase Kinetics.

Marcus Theory for Electron Transfer Reactions.

Electron Tunneling.

Electron Transfer Reactions in Proteins.

Electron Density Circuits.

Diffusion Control.

Quantum Mechanical Calculations.

References.

11 CLASS I: ASCORBATE PEROXIDASE.

Introduction.

Sequencing and Cloning.

Properties, Reactions, and Intermediate Compounds.

Crystal Structures.

References.

12 CATALASE–PEROXIDASES AND MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS.

Introduction.

Structures of Catalase–Peroxidases.

Isoniazid and Other Reactants of Catalase–Peroxidases.

The Oxidative Defense Mechanisms of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis.

References.

13 CLASS II. LIGNIN, MANGANESE, VERSATILE, AND COPRINUS CINEREUS PEROXIDASES.

Lignin Peroxidase.

Manganese Peroxidase.

Other Manganese Peroxidases, Versatile Peroxidase.

Coprinus Cinereus (Arthromyces Ramosus) Peroxidase.

References.

14 OTHER CLASS III PEROXIDASES.

Arabidopsis Thaliana Peroxidase.

Barley Peroxidase.

Peanut Peroxidase.

Soybean Peroxidase.

Tobacco Peroxidases.

Turnip Peroxidases.

References.

15 CATALASES (Peter Jones).

Introduction.

Perspective.

Progress.

Catalases in Biology.

Prospects.

References.

16 MYELOPEROXIDASE: ENZYMOLOGY.

Introduction.

Properties of Myeloperoxidase.

The Compounds of Myeloperoxidase.

Reactions of Myeloperoxidase.

Cloning of Myeloperoxidase: Site–Directed Mutagenesis.

The Crystal Structure and the Prosthetic Group of Myeloperoxidase.

Eosinophil Peroxidase.

References.

17 BIOMEDICAL ASPECTS OF MYELOPEROXIDASE: HALOGENATION REACTIONS IN CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE, INFECTION, AND CANCER (Jeffrey P. Henderson and Jay. W. Heinecke).

Introduction.

Oxidants Produced by MPO in Humans.

MPO and Coronary Artery Disease.

MPO and Carcinogenesis.

Prospects.

References.

18 PROSTAGLANDIN H SYNTHASE.

Introduction.

Crystal Structures.

Prostaglandin H Synthase–2.

Preliminary Mechanistic Studies.

Detection of Free Radicals: Role of ESR Spectroscopy.

The Role of Aspirin and Related Substances: Contributions of Vane and Smith.

Work of Marnett and Coworkers.

Work of Kulmacz, Tsai, and Coworkers.

Manganese Prostaglandin Synthases.

Mechanistic Details.

References.

19 THYROID PEROXIDASE.

Introduction.

Hormone Discovery and Chemical Synthesis.

Detection of the Method of Biological Synthesis of Thyroxine.

Conclusions.

References.

20 LACTO– AND SALIVARY PEROXIDASES.

Introduction.

Properties.

The Compounds of Lactoperoxidase and Their Reactions.

References.

21 CHLOROPEROXIDASE FROM C. FUMAGO.

Introduction.

History.

Optical Spectra.

ESR, Endor, Mössbauer, Exafs, and Resonance Raman Spectra.

Investigations of Compounds I and II.

Structure of Compound I and the Catalatic Reaction.

Ligand Binding.

Kinetics and Mechanisms of Chlorination and Oxidation.

Amino Acid Sequence and Crystal Structure.

References.

22 SELENIUM–CONTAINING ENZYMES: GLUTATHIONE PEROXIDASE AND IODOTHYRONINE DEIODINASE.

Introduction.

Glutathione Peroxidase.

Iodothyronine Deiodinase.

References.

23 STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF VANADIUM HALOPEROXIDASES (Ron Wever and Rokus Renirie).

Summary.

Abbreviations.

Introduction.

Occurrence and Biological Function of Vanadium Iodo– and Bromoperoxidases.

Occurrence and Biological Function of Vanadium Chloroperoxidases.

Catalytic Properties of Bromoperoxidase.

Properties of the Prosthetic Group in Bromoperoxidase.

Kinetic and Optical Properties of Vanadium Chloroperoxidases.

Sulfoxidation Reactions.

Stability of Bromo– and Chloroperoxidases.

X–ray Structures of Vanadium Bromoperoxidases.

Active Site of Vanadium Bromoperoxidase From A. Nodosum.

X–ray Structures of the Vanadium Chloroperoxidase and Details of the Active Site.

X–ray Structure of the Peroxo–Intermediate of Vanadium Chloroperoxidase and Difference in Reactivity Between Chloro– and Bromoperoxidases.

Nature of the Vanadate Cofactor.

References.

24 OTHER HEME PEROXIDASES AND ENZYMES.

DI–Heme Peroxidases.

Peroxidases Everywhere You Look.

Myoglobins.

Hemoglobin.

Cytochrome c Oxidase.

Oxygenases.

Heme Oxygenase.

Guanylyl Cyclase.

References.

25 APPLICATION OF PEROXIDASES (Ron Wever).

Introduction.

Background Information.

Peroxidases as Pharmaceutical and/or Antimicrobial Agents.

Applications in Bleaching and Detergents.

Biotransformations.

Polymerization Reactions and Wastewater Purification.

Depolymerization Reactions.

Analytical Applications.

Medical Applications.

References.

AUTHOR INDEX.

SUBJECT INDEX.

O autorze

H. Brian Dunford, PhD, is a biophysical chemist currently working on peroxidase enzymes and Professor Emeritus at the University of Alberta. He received his PhD from McGill University. He is the author of Heme Peroxidases, editor of other books, as well as coauthor of more than 250 journal articles.