1. An Overview of the Human Microbiome 2. The Gut Microbiota 3. Gut Microbiota Throughout the Lifespan 4. Host, Genetic, and Environmental Influences on the Gut Microbiota 5. Gut Microbiota Links with Disease 6. Gut microbial mechanisms in nutrition and health 7. Modulation of gut microbiota through nutrition 8. Gut Health Advice and Practical Diet Recommendations for Healthy Individuals 9. Applications and Implications of Gut Microbiota and Nutrition Science 10. The Future of Gut Microbiota and Nutrition