Fortschritte Der Chemie Organischer Naturstoffe / Progress in the Chemistry of Organic Natural Products / Progrès Dans La Chimie Des Substances Organi

ISBN-13: 9783709171639 / Niemiecki / Miękka / 2012 / 246 str.

J. L. Hartwell; D. C. Hodgkin; H. H. Schlubach

Spis treści

Der Kohlenhydratstoffwechsel der Gräser.- I. Einleitung.- II. Das Pflanzenmaterial.- III. Die Isolierung der löslichen Kohlenhydrate.- IV. Die analytischen Methoden.- V. Die Konstitution der Polysaccharide der Gräser.- VI. Die niedermolekularen Kohlenhydrate in den Gräsern.- VII. Die Biogenese der Oligo- und Polysaccharide der Gräser.- VIII. Abwandlungen des Kohlenhydrat- und des Eiweißgehaltes im Laufe einer Vegetationsperiode.- IX. Anwendungen auf die Grünlandwirtschaft.- Some in vitro Conversions of Naturally Occurring Carotenoids.- I. Introductory Remarks.- normal and retro Structures.- Addition of Hydrogen to the Chromophore.- Addition of Oxygen to Terminal Double Bonds of the Chromophore.- Lengthening of the Chromophore.- II. Preparation and Conversions of Carotenoids by Means of N-Bromosuccinimide.- 1. Dehydrogenation of Colorless Compounds to Carotenoid Pigments.- Squalene.- Phytoene and Phytofluene.- 2. Action of N-Bromosuccinimide on ß-Carotene.- a) N-Bromosuccinimide and ß-Carotene in Carbon Tetrachloride Solution.- vetro-Dehydrocarotene.- vetro-Bisdehydrocarotene.- Anhydro-eschscholtzxanthin.- 3, 4, 3?, 4?-Bisdehydro-ß-carotene.- 3, 4-Dehydro- ?-carotene.- b) N-Bromosuccinimide and ?-Carotene in Ethanol-Containing Chloroform Solution.- Formation of Ketones.- 4-Keto-3?,4?-dehydro-?-carotene.- 4-Keto-? -carotene and 4,4?-Diketo-?-carotene.- Identification of 4-Keto-?-carotene and 4,4?-Diketo- ?-carotene with Natural Products.- Addendum.- 3. Action of N-Bromosuccinimide on ex-Carotene.- 3,4-Dehydro-?-carotene.- 4. Action of N-Bromosuccinimide on Lycopene.- 5. Action of N-Bromosuccinimide on Cryptoxanthin.- 6. Action of N-Bromosuccinimide on Physaliene.- III. Conversions of Carotenoids via their Boron Trifluoride Complexes.- 1. Cleavage Products of the ß-Carotene-BF3, Complex.- 2. Cleavage Products of the ?-Carotene-BF3 Complex.- 3. Cleavage Products of the BF3 Complexes of Some Dehydrogenated Carotenes.- a) retro-Dehydrocarotene-BF3.- b) 3,4-Dehydro-?-carotene-BF3 and 3,4-Dehydro-?-carotene-BF3.- c) retro-Bisdehydrocarotene-BF3.- 4. Cleavage Products of the Lycopene-BF3 Complex.- 5. Cleavage Products of the ?-Carotene-BF3 Complex.- 6. Cleavage Product of the Anhydrovitamin A1-BF3 Complex.- IV. Dehydration and Dehydrogenation of Lutein.- V. Some Spectroscopic Observations.- Position of the Maxima.- Lengthening of the ?-Carotene Chromophore.- Influence of the Spatial Configuration.- Transition from normal to retro Structures.- Spectral Curves.- References.- The Chemistry of Podophyllum.- I. History.- II. Preparation of Podophyllin.- III. Composition of Podophyllum.- IV. Other Sources of Podophyllum Lignans.- V. Isolation Procedures.- 1. Isolation without Chromatography.- 2. Adsorption Chromatography.- 3. Partition Chromatography.- VI. Podophyllotoxin.- 1. Properties.- 2. Structure.- 3. The Apopicropodophyllins.- 4. Stereochemistry.- 5. Synthetic Approaches.- VII. Desoxypodophyllotoxin.- VIII. Dehydropodophyllotoxin.- IX. 4?-Demethylpodophyllotoxin.- X. The Peltatins.- XI. Sikkimotoxin.- XII. Lignan Glucosides.- XIII. Ionic Derivatives of Podophyllotoxin and of the Peltatins.- XIV. Flavonols.- XV. Absorption Spectra.- 1. Ultraviolet Spectra.- 2. Infrared Spectra.- XVI. Biological Action.- XVII. Tables.- 1. Well-characterized Compounds Isolated from Podophyllum Species.- 2. Solvates and Modifications of Podophyllotoxin.- 3. Molecular Rotations of Compounds in the Conidendrin and Desoxypodophyllotoxin Series.- 4. Podophyllotoxin and Derivatives.- 5. Desoxypodophyllotoxin and Derivatives.- 6. 4?-Demethylpodophyllotoxin and Derivatives.- 7. Peltatins and Derivatives.- 8. Sikkimotoxin and Derivatives.- 9. Lignan Glucosides and Derivatives.- 10. Maximum Tolerated Doses (MTD) and Minimum Effective Doses (MED) in Mice Bearing Sarcoma 37.- 11. Ionic Derivatives of Podophyllotoxin and of the Peltatins, and Intermediates.- 12. Flavonols and Derivatives.- 13. Ultraviolet Absorption Maxima of Podophyllum Lignans and of Some of Their Derivatives.- References.- X-ray Analysis and the Structure of Vitamin B12.- I. Introduction.- II. Some Characteristics of the X-ray Crystallographic Methods Applied to the Analysis of Vitamin B12.- III. The Determination of the Structure of Vitamin B12.- 1. Preliminary Crystallographic Measurements and Observations.- 2. The Stages of Atom Identification.- a) The Cyanide Group.- b) The “Nucleotide” Group.- c) The Corrin Nucleus.- d) The Side-chains Attached to the Nucleus.- e) The Propanolamine Groups.- 3. The Problem of Right and Wrong Atoms.- 4. The Refinement of the Atomic Positions.- 5. The Absolute Configuration of the Molecule.- 6. The Chemical Formulae of Vitamin B12 and the Hexacarboxylic Acid.- IV. The Chemical Reactions of Vitamin B12.- V. Biochemical Problems Connected with the B12 Structure.- VI. The Crystal Structures of Vitamin B12 and the Hexacarboxylic Acid.- VII. Conclusion.- References.- Namenverzeichnis. Index of Names. Index des Auteurs.- Sachverzeichnis. Index of Subjects. Index des Matières.