Fortschritte Der Chemie Organischer Naturstoffe / Progress in the Chemistry of Organic Natural Products

ISBN-13: 9783211830192 / Angielski / Twarda / 1997 / 162 str.

W. Herz; R. E. Moore; G. W. Kirby

Opis

The Leguminosae is an economically important family in the Dicotyledonae with many cultivated species, e. g., beans and peas. The family also contains many well-known medicinal plants. It is composed of 17,000 or more species that constitute nearly one twelfth of the world's flowering plants (1). Traditionally the family has been divided into three subfamilies, Caesalpinioideae, Mimosoideae and Papilionoi deae, which are sometimes recognized as separate families Caesalpinia ceae, Mimosaceae and Papilionaceae. The International Code of Botanical Nomenclature permits alternative nomenclatures, the family names being replaced by Fabaceae, Fabales and Faboideae, and this usage will be common (2). Licorice (liquorice, kanzoh in Japanese, gancao in Chinese) is the name applied to the roots and stolons of some Glycyrrhiza species (Fabaceae) and has been used by human beings for at least 4000 years. The earliest written reference to the use of licorice is contained in the Codex Hammurabi dating from 2100 B. C., and the subsequent history in the West has been described in the earlier reviews (3-6). In the Far East, references to the effectiveness of licorice are contained in the "Shen Nong Ben Cao Jing," the first Chinese dispensatory whose original anonymous volumes probably appeared by the end of the third century (7, 8)."

Spis treści

Phenolic Constituents of Licorice (Glycyrrhiza Species).- 1. Introduction.- 2. Triterpenoid Saponins.- 2.1. Glycyrrhizic Acid.- 2.2. Structures of Minor Sapogenins.- 2.3. Structures of Minor Saponins.- 3. Phenolic Compounds.- 3.1. Flavonoids and Coumarins from Underground Parts.- 3.2. Phenolic Compounds from Aerial Parts.- 3.3. Phenolic Compounds from Whole Plants.- 3.4. Phenolic Compounds from Cell Cultures.- 4. Recent Methods of Structure Determination of Prenylated Phenols.- 4.1. Variations in the Chemical Shift of the Methylene Carbon of a Prenyl Group.- 4.2. Variations in the Chemical Shift of the 5-Hydroxyl Proton of 6- or 8-Prenylated Flavonoids.- 4.3. Variations in the Chemical Shift of the 5-Hydroxyl Proton of Pyranoflavonoids.- 4.4. CD Spectra of Licorice Isoflavans.- 5. Biological Activities of Phenolic Constituents of Glycyrrhiza Species.- Acknowledgments.- References.- Author Index.