Chemical Exchange Saturation Transfer Imaging: Advances and Applications

ISBN-13: 9789814745703 / Angielski / Twarda / 2017 / 496 str.

Michael T. McMahon; Jeff W. M. Bulte; Assaf A. Gilad

Opis

Chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) imaging is a powerful magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technique with unique contrast features. This technology enables the amplified detection of nM to mM concentrations of small molecules and macromolecules (including those involved in biologic pathways) through selective radio frequency labeling of rapidly exchanging protons present on the molecules of interest. Because this labeling is frequency dependent, CEST agents have advantages over the more established water relaxation based contrast agents, making them more similar to optical imaging agents and allowing the detection of multiple agents independently within an anatomical region for a wide range of molecular imaging applications. The rapid expansion that CEST imaging has seen over the past 15 years since its original discovery in 2000 had created a need for a graduate-level handbook describing all aspects of preclinical, translational, and clinical CEST imaging, and this is the first dedicated textbook covering them all. The book comprises 19 chapters that cover the fundamental principles of saturation transfer, the key features of CEST agents enabling production of imaging contrast, and the practical aspects of image acquisition and imaging post-processing schemes tailored to the specific application. In this book, the leaders who developed CEST imaging at the five key sites present a unique, illustrated, historical perspective from the initial saturation transfer nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) experiments performed in the 1960s in Stockholm, Sweden, described by Sture Forsen, to the work done on integrating the basic principles of CEST into imaging in the United States and Italy, covered by Robert Balaban, Dean Sherry, Silvio Aime, and Peter van Zijl. The editors, Drs. Michael T. McMahon, Assaf A. Gilad, Jeff W. M. Bulte, and Peter C. M. van Zijl, are pioneers developing this field at the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine and the Kennedy Krieger Institute."

Spis treści

On the discovery of the "saturation transfer" method. Development of Chemical Exchange Saturation Transfer (CEST). History of in vivo Exchange Transfer spectroscopy and imaging at Johns Hopkins University and Kennedy Krieger Institute. Early discover and investigations of paraCEST agents in Dallas. The birth of CEST agents in Torino. General theory of CEST image acquisition and post-processing. Uniform-MT- method to separate CEST contrast from MT effects. hyperCEST imaging. The current landscape of diaCEST imaging agents. The evolution of genetically encoded CEST MRI reporters: opportunities and challenges. paraCEST agents: design, discovery and implementation. Transition metal paraCEST probes: alternatives to lanthanides. Responsive paraCEST MRI contrast agents and their biomedical applications. Saturating compartmentalized water protons: Liposome- and Cell-based CEST agents. Principles and applications of Amide Proton Transfer (APT) imaging. Cartilage and intravertebral disc imaging and the Glycosaminoglycan Chemical Exchange Saturation Transfer (gagCEST) experiment. glucoCEST: imaging glucose in tumors. Creatine Chemical Exchange Saturation Transfer imaging. Iodinated contrast media as pH responsive CEST agents.