membrane process design using residue curve maps

ISBN-13: 9780470524312 / Angielski / Twarda / 2011 / 248 str.

Mark Peters

Opis

Design and Synthesis of Membrane Separation Processes provides a novel method of design and synthesis for membrane separation. While the main focus of the book is given to gas separation and pervaporation membranes, the theory has been developed in such a way that it is general and valid for any type of membrane. The method, which uses a graphical technique, allows one to calculate and visualize the change in composition of the retentate (non-permeate) phase. This graphical approach is based on Membrane Residue Curve Maps. One of the strengths of this approach is that it is exactly analogous to the method of Residue Curve Maps that has proved so successful in distillation system synthesis and design.

Spis treści

Preface.

Acknowledgments.

Notation.

About the Authors.

1 Introduction.

2 Permeation Modeling.

2.1 Diffusion Membranes.

2.2 Membrane Classification.

3 Introduction to Graphical Techniques in Membrane Seperations.

3.1 A Thought experiment.

3.2 Binary Separations.

3.3 Multicomponent Systems.

4 Properties of Membrane Residue Curve Maps.

4.1 Stationary Points.

4.2 Membrane Vector Field.

4.3 Unidistribution Lines.

4.4 The Effect of a–Values on the Topology of M–RCM’s.

4.5 Properties of an Existing Selective M–RCM.

4.6 Conclusion.

5 Application of Membrane Residue Curve Maps to Batch and Continuous Processes.

5.1 Introduction.

5.2 Review of Previous Chapters.

5.3 Batch Membrane Operation.

5.4 Permeation Time.

5.5 Continuous Membrane Operation.

5.6 Conclusion.

6 Column Profiles for Membrane Column Sections.

6.1 Introduction to Membrane Column Development.

6.2 Generalised Column Sections.

6.3 Theory.

6.4 Column Section Profiles: Operating Condition 1.

6.5 Column Section Profiles: Operating Condition 2.

6.6 Column Section Profiles: Operating Condition 3 and 4.

6.7 Applications and Conclusion.

7 Novel Graphical Design Methods for Complex Membrane Configurations.

7.1 Introduction.

7.2 Column Sections.

7.3 Complex Membrane Configuration Designs: General.

7.4 Complex Membrane Configuration Designs: Operating Condition 1.

7.5 Complex Membrane Configuration Designs: Operating Condition 2.

7.6 Complex Membrane Configurations: Comparison with Complex Distillation Systems.

7.7 Hybrid Distillation–Membrane Design.

7.8 Conclusion.

8 Synthesis and Design of Hybrid Distillation–Membrane Processes.

8.1 Introduction.

8.2 Methanol/Butene/MTBE System.

8.3 Synthesis of a Hybrid Configuration.

8.4 Design of a Hybrid Configuration.

8.5 Conclusion.

9 Concluding Remarks.

9.1 Conclusions.

9.2 Recommendations and Future Work.

9.3 Design Considerations.

9.4 Challenges for Membrane Process Engineering.

References.

Appendix A: MemWorX User Manual.

A.1 System Requirements.

A.2 Installation.

A.3 Layout of MemWorX.

A.4 Appearance of Plots.

A.5 Step–by–Step Guide to Plot Using MemWorX.

A.6 Tutorial Solutions.

Appendix B: Flux Model for PERVAP 1137 Membrane.

Appendix C: Proof of Equation for Determining Permeation Time in a Batch Process.

Appendix D: Proof of Equation for Determining Permeation Area in a Continuous Process.

Appendix E: Proof of the Difference Point Equation.

E.1 Proof Using Analogous Method to Distillation.

E.2 Proof Using Mass Transfer.

Index.

O autorze

MARK PETERS graduated with both undergraduate and PhD degrees in chemical engineering from the University of the Witwatersrand in Johannesburg, South Africa. He has previously worked at Sasol Technology, where he focused on low–temperature Fischer–Tropsch gas–to–liquids conversion. He is currently a separations consultant at the Centre of Material and Process Synthesis (COMPS), based at the University of the Witwatersrand.

DAVID GLASSER is a Personal Professor of Chemical Engineering and Director of the Centre of Material and Process Synthesis (COMPS) at the University of the Witwatersrand. He has been awarded an A1 rating as a scientist by the National Research Foundation, the central research–funding organization in South Africa, and has authored or coauthored more than a hundred scientific papers.

DIANE HILDEBRANDT is the Co–Director for the Centre of Material and Process Synthesis (COMPS) at the University of the Witwatersrand. She has authored or coauthored over seventy scientific papers. She received the Presidents′ Award from the Foundation for Research and Development as well as the Distinguished Researcher Award from the University of the Witwatersrand.

SHEHZAAD KAUCHALI obtained his PhD at the School of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering at the University of the Witwatersrand. He is currently a full–time senior academic and the Director of the Gasification Technology and Research Group.

Blurb

A novel approach to the design and synthesis of membrane separations using residue curve maps

Membrane separation processes have seen increased growth in recent years thanks in large part to their reputation as a clean, energy–efficient, and cost–effective technology for selective purification of various chemicals. This breakthrough guide features the latest cutting–edge graphical technique—membrane residue curve maps—in the design and synthesis of membrane simulations as a way to refine methods in actual separation processes. It guides exploration into these powerful mathematical models and develops the reader′s skill in calculating and visualizing the change in composition of the retentate (non–permeate) phase. Though primarily focusing on new discoveries in the less familiar—but rapidly emerging—processes involving gas separations, Membrane Process Design Using Residue Curve Map applies theory that is adaptable to all types of membranes, including those used in more widely practiced liquid separations. In addition, this book:

• Provides fundamental methods for the process design and synthesis of membranes

• Includes a CD that allows the user to input variables for examples and calculations

• Uses a novel method, membrane residue curve maps, to design and produce membrane systems

• Applies and adapts the well–known technique for batch distillation in the design of several types of batch and continuous membrane processes as well as membrane/distillation hybrids

Providing comprehensive coverage of basic membrane separation process principles, along with the latest scientific improvements shaping future research, Membrane Process Design Using Residue Curve Maps is an achievement in scientific inventiveness and a reliable companion for chemical professionals exploring new technologies for enhancing liquid and gas separations.