Kategoria BISAC: Science >> Physics - Geophysics

Granitic rocks are a major component of the continental crust and the many and complex problems of their origin that have confronted geologists for over 200 years still are presenting challenges today. Current ideas of granite formation involve lower crustal melting, segregation, ascent (as dykes or diapirs) and emplacement in the upper crust.

In this book we suggest an alternative model for the origin of granite in terms of in-situ melting-intracrustal convection that physically determines the process from partial melting of mid-upper crustal rocks to formation of a convecting magma...

Porous media are broadly found in nature and their study is of high relevance in our present lives. In geosciences porous media research is fundamental in applications to aquifers, mineral mines, contaminant transport, soil remediation, waste storage, oil recovery and geothermal energy deposits. Despite their importance, there is as yet no complete understanding of the physical processes involved in fluid flow and transport. This fact can be attributed to the complexity of the phenomena which include multicomponent fluids, multiphasic flow and rock-fluid interactions. Since its formulation...

This book reviews the current state of knowledge of the atmospheres of the giant gaseous planets: Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune. The current theories of their formation are reviewed and their recently observed temperature, composition and cloud structures are contrasted and compared with simple thermodynamic, radiative transfer and dynamical models. The instruments and techniques that have been used to remotely measure their atmospheric properties are also reviewed, and the likely development of outer planet observations over the next two decades is outlined.
This second edition...

This book covers a broad range of topics about multilevel modeling. The goal is to help readersto understand the basic concepts, theoretical frameworks, and application methods of multilevel modeling.

Itis at a level also accessible to non-mathematicians, focusing on the methods and applications of various multilevel models and using the widely used statistical software SAS^(r).Examples are drawn from analysis of real-world research data.

Volume I/25A is the first one in a series of volumes on the properties of the excited states of all nuclei. The data presented are collected from all kinds of nuclear reactions, including measurements of reactions with neutrons and γ-rays not yet fully considered in previous compilations. The nuclei considered also comprise nuclei far from the stability line.

The properties of excited nuclear states are of importance for scientific and practical applications. No systematic compilation of such data has been performed so far. The present compilation has been prepared by...

As the Earths surface deviates from its spherical shape by less than 0.4 percent of its radius and today's satellite missions collect their gravitational and magnetic data on nearly spherical orbits, sphere-oriented mathematical methods and tools play important roles in studying the Earth's gravitational and magnetic field.

Geomathematically Oriented Potential Theory presents the principles of space and surface potential theory involving Euclidean and spherical concepts. The authors offer new insight on how to mathematically handle gravitation and geomagnetism for...

This book is an attempt to demonstrate the analytical power of the holistic approach for understanding disasters. Six major earthquakes in Latin America are used as an example: the general idea is to place disasters in a broad social and regional context. Understanding disasters is a way of understanding the social system. The idea is to show that every major disaster is unique and different. Statistical methods may be useful for purposes of risk estimation but modern disasters are "systemic" and complex. In the chapter on the 2010 Chile earthquake we discuss the tsunami and why the system...