Earthquake Disasters in Latin America: A Holistic Approach

ISBN-13: 9789400728097 / Angielski / Miękka / 2012 / 65 str.

Heriberta Casta Os; Cinna Lomnitz

Opis

This book is an attempt to demonstrate the analytical power of the holistic approach for understanding disasters. Six major earthquakes in Latin America are used as an example: the general idea is to place disasters in a broad social and regional context. Understanding disasters is a way of understanding the social system. The idea is to show that every major disaster is unique and different. Statistical methods may be useful for purposes of risk estimation but modern disasters are "systemic" and complex. In the chapter on the 2010 Chile earthquake we discuss the tsunami and why the system of tsunami alert did not work. The introductory chapter contains some basics of seismology (plate tectonics) and earthquake engineering. The 1985 Mexico earthquake describes why geology is important. Why was Mexico City founded in a lake? Technology must be adapted to the environment, not "imported" from possibly more advanced but different societies. The 1970 Peru earthquake is an example of disaster in a unique environment. Caracas 1967 takes us on a survey of different engineering solutions. And the 1960 Chile earthquake leads us on a retrospective survey--what has changed in Chile between the two major Chile earthquakes? A discussion on Charles Darwin's observations of the 1835 Chile earthquake provides a fitting summary.

Spis treści

1. Darwin and plate tectonics

1.1. Darwin feels an earthquake

1.2. Earthquake physics

1.3. Plate tectonics and failure modes

1.4. How to measure earthquakes

1.5. Failure modes

1.6. Tsunami warning systems

1.7. Megaquakes and transelastic waves

2. The great 1960 Chile earthquake

2.1. A great earthquake

2.2. Earthquakes and coastal geomorphology

2.3. An observation of long-period surface waves on soft ground

3. The 1967 Caracas earthquake

3.1. Caracas in 1967
     

4. The 1970 Peru earthquake

4.1. The Santa Valley

4.2. Geology of the disaster

4.3. Climate change and communicative action

5. The 1985 Mexico earthquake

5.1. September 19, 1985, 7:19 a.m.

5.2. Lázaro Cárdenas

5.3. Mexico City

5.4. Social effects of the earthquake

5.5. The Senate hearings

5.6. Disaster, denial, and the Law

6. The 2010 Haiti earthquake

6.1. An unmitigated catastrophe

6.2. Possible causes of the disaster

6.3. Disaster culture in an earthquake country

7. The 2010 Chile earthquake

7.1. Another megaquake

7.2. Earthquake damage caused by long-period surface waves

7.3. Some historical sidelights

7.4. Disaster and regional development

8. A list of significant earthquakes in Latin America

8.1. Introduction

Table 8.1 Significant earthquakes in Latin America, 1906-2010

9. Conclusions and recommendations

9.1. Summary

9.2. Megaquakes

9.3. Sustainability

9.4. Tsunamis

9.5. Disaster culture

9.6. Building codes

9.7. Engineering ethics

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