Kategoria BISAC: Science >> Earth Sciences - Geology

Data Assimilation comprehensively covers data assimilation and inverse methods, including both traditional state estimation and parameter estimation. This text and reference focuses on various popular data assimilation methods, such as weak and strong constraint variational methods and ensemble filters and smoothers. It is demonstrated how the different methods can be derived from a common theoretical basis, as well as how they differ and/or are related to each other, and which properties characterize them, using several examples.

Rather than emphasize a particular discipline such...

The prediction of earthquakes is becoming more and more important and for almost twenty years the earthquake prone area of South Iceland has been a major research target in the framework of an international project on earthquake risk mitigation.

Geodynamically, Iceland is the most active region of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge (MAR), where earthquakes and volcanic eruptions are frequent and the boundary conditions related to plate tectonics are relatively simple. High quality monitoring networks were therefore installed there in the last few years and much data was collected before and...

An understanding of the foundation of astronomical jet research requires a complex multidisciplinary approach. This volume provides just that by bridging the gap between magnetohydrodynamics, thermo-chemical evolution and high resolution spectro-imaging.

Considerable progress has been made recently in quantifying geometrical and physical
properties of fault surfaces and adjacent fractured and granulated damage zones in
active faulting environments. There has also been significant progress in developing
rheologies and computational frameworks that can model the dynamics of fault zone
processes. This volume provides state-of-the-art theoretical and observational results
on the mechanics, structure and evolution of fault zones. Subjects discussed include
damage rheologies, development of instabilities, fracture and friction,...

Arc-continent collision has been one of the important tectonic processes in the formation of mountain belts throughout geological time, and it continues to be so today along tectonically active plate boundaries such as those in the SW Pacific or the Caribbean. Arc-continent collision is thought to have been one of the most important process involved in the growth of the continental crust over geological time, and may also play an important role in its recycling back into the mantle via subduction. Understanding the geological processes that take place during arc-continent collision is...

Along with windstorms, floods are the most common and widespread of all natural disasters. Although they can often be predicted, they cause loss of life, damage and destruction, as many urban communities are located near coasts and rivers. In terms of victims, floods are responsible for more than half the deaths caused by natural catastrophes. As flood events appear to be rapidly increasing world-wide, an advanced and universal approach to urban flooding and how to manage will help reduce flood impact.

This textbook integrates expertise from disciplines such as hydrology,...

The extraordinary beauty of the Finger Lakes region is well known to its residents and to the many tourists who explore it each year. What is not so well known is the region's unique geology. Its distinctive features are the results of a singular combination of structural units and forces that operated thousands of years ago, when successive advances of the Ice Age continental glaciers thrust their fronts against escarpments extending across their path and into pre-glacial valleys. How these escarpments affected the flow of ice and how the glacial invasions remodeled the entire region is...