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Assessing Bioavailability of Metals in Biosolids-Treated Soils
ISBN: 9781843396796 / Angielski / Miękka / 216 str. Termin realizacji zamówienia: ok. 5-8 dni roboczych. Plant-availability of metals in biosolids-treated soils may be mathematically described by Mt = C x 1 - e- (k x t)] where Mt (mg kg-1) is the cumulative metal removal from the biosolids-treated soils by growing and harvesting plants for t years, C is the total phytoavailable metal pool of the soil (mg kg-1) at t = 0, and k is the metal absorption rate coefficient (yr-1). The total available metal pool, C, is defined as metals extractable by organic acids in the rhizosphere of growing plants and k is related to the kinetics of metal release by organic acids. Half-life of the available metals...
Plant-availability of metals in biosolids-treated soils may be mathematically described by Mt = C x 1 - e- (k x t)] where Mt (mg kg-1) is the cumulat...
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cena:
644,07 zł |
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Metals Removal Technologies for Urban Stormwater
ISBN: 9781843396826 / Angielski / Miękka / 348 str. Termin realizacji zamówienia: ok. 5-8 dni roboczych. This study, on innovative methods for the capture of metals from stormwater, mainly focused on two major areas of investigation: media filters and swales. Twelve media were chosen for initial evaluation. The three best performing media: peat-sand mix, compost, and zeolite were then selected for in-depth study. The results of this investigation emphasize the importance of characterizing the stormwater before selecting a treatment media since the type and quantity of metals, pH, and other runoff characteristics can vary a great deal between sites.
This study, on innovative methods for the capture of metals from stormwater, mainly focused on two major areas of investigation: media filters and swa...
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cena:
644,07 zł |
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Stormwater Thermal Enrichment in Urban Watersheds
ISBN: 9781843396833 / Angielski / Miękka / 205 str. Termin realizacji zamówienia: ok. 5-8 dni roboczych. Thermal enrichment of coldwater streams by heated stormwater in summer months is often overlooked and even exacerbated by traditional management practices that typically account for flow moderation and pollutant removal only. Initiated in 1999, this study evaluated and identified innovative and traditional approaches to moderate this temperature impact by monitoring and analyzing the hydrologic and thermal regimes of an urban stormwater treatment system consisting of two traditional wet detention ponds and an enhanced natural wetland. Data analysis clearly shows temperature increases in the...
Thermal enrichment of coldwater streams by heated stormwater in summer months is often overlooked and even exacerbated by traditional management pract...
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cena:
644,07 zł |
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Evaluation of Microbial Risk Assessment Techniques and Applications
ISBN: 9781843396840 / Angielski / Miękka / 164 str. Termin realizacji zamówienia: ok. 5-8 dni roboczych. This investigation reviewed and evaluated methodologies used for microbial risk assessment with respect to their applicability for reclaimed water applications. The investigation was comprised of five primary components: a comprehensive database of articles, reports and books describing microbial risk assessment methodologies was established and reviewed. Risk assessment techniques and models were identified for estimating the public health risk from exposure to microorganisms via reclaimed water applications. Two models were identified for further evaluation: a static (individual based) and...
This investigation reviewed and evaluated methodologies used for microbial risk assessment with respect to their applicability for reclaimed water app...
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cena:
644,07 zł |
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Use of Enhanced Biological Phosphorus Removal for Treating Nutrient-Deficient Wastewater
ISBN: 9781843396857 / Angielski / Miękka / 129 str. Termin realizacji zamówienia: ok. 5-8 dni roboczych. Anaerobic/aerobic (AnA) and completely aerobic (CA) laboratory-scale sequencing batch reactors operating on an acetate- and casamino acids-based synthetic wastewater were used to investigate the suitability of the AnA process for treating nutrient?deficient wastewaters in plants that have stringent effluent nutrient requirements. Of particular interest is the case where phosphorus (P)-deficient wastewaters with highly variable influent COD loading are being treated to meet both effluent TSS and P limits. At a 4 d mean cell residence time, AnA activated sludge had an approx. 20% lower P...
Anaerobic/aerobic (AnA) and completely aerobic (CA) laboratory-scale sequencing batch reactors operating on an acetate- and casamino acids-based synth...
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cena:
644,07 zł |
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Identifying and Controlling Municipal Wastewater Odor Phase II
ISBN: 9781843396871 / Angielski / Miękka / 268 str. Termin realizacji zamówienia: ok. 5-8 dni roboczych. This project was undertaken in response to needs by the wastewater treatment industry to better understand the generation of odors from biosolids produced by wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). Its primary objective is to begin to establish relationships between WWTP process parameters and biosolids odors, so that more effective techniques for minimizing biosolids odors can be developed. The project consisted of a detailed field study involving extensive sampling and analyses at 11 WWTPs across North America with capacities from 13 to 350 million gallons per day (mgd). Biosolids samples were...
This project was undertaken in response to needs by the wastewater treatment industry to better understand the generation of odors from biosolids prod...
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cena:
644,07 zł |
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Development of Practical Methods to Assess the Presence of Bacterial Pathogens in Water
ISBN: 9781843396888 / Angielski / Miękka / 141 str. Termin realizacji zamówienia: ok. 5-8 dni roboczych. The objective of this project was to develop and evaluate a practical technique to indicate the probability of the presence of bacterial pathogens in receiving waters. A practical method was defined as one that would limit the use of defined culture-based microbiological methods, and would be based on: (1) validating indicator organisms that predicted the presence of pathogens, or (2) detection of pathogens by polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based assays. The study also assessed the utility of PCR-based technology for bacterial pathogen detection with respect to technology transfer to a wider...
The objective of this project was to develop and evaluate a practical technique to indicate the probability of the presence of bacterial pathogens in ...
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cena:
644,07 zł |
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Acclimation of Nitrifiers for Activated Sludge Treatment: A Bench Scale Evaluation
ISBN: 9781843396918 / Angielski / Miękka / 71 str. Termin realizacji zamówienia: ok. 5-8 dni roboczych. Nitrification kinetics were evaluated in bench-scale batch reactors fed with a synthetic wastewater containing approximately 1,000 mg ammonia-nitrogen (NH3-N)/L operated at 5, 10, and 20 day solids retention times (SRTs) and with dewatered biosolids supernatant (1,126 to 1,680 mg NH3-N/L) operated at a 20-day SRT. For the 5- and 10-day SRTs, complete nitrification appeared to be inhibited by the presence of un-ionized ammonia and un-ionized nitrous acid. For the 20-day SRT, near complete nitrification was observed for both substrates. Observed ammonium oxidation rates decreased with...
Nitrification kinetics were evaluated in bench-scale batch reactors fed with a synthetic wastewater containing approximately 1,000 mg ammonia-nitrogen...
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cena:
644,07 zł |
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Producing Class A Biosolids With Low-Cost, Low-Technology Treatment Processes
ISBN: 9781843396932 / Angielski / Miękka / 84 str. Termin realizacji zamówienia: ok. 5-8 dni roboczych. Class A biosolids can be produced using low-cost, low-technology biosolids treatment processes including lagoon storage, air drying, and cake storage. This project reviewed the available literature and municipal agency data about these processes. This report presents design and operating guidelines distilled from the review process. It is designed for wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) managers, operators, and engineers who wish to discern whether these processes, used alone or in combination, might be practically applied at specific plants. This report also describes the U.S. regulatory...
Class A biosolids can be produced using low-cost, low-technology biosolids treatment processes including lagoon storage, air drying, and cake storage....
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cena:
644,07 zł |
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Pathogen Destruction Efficiency In High Temperature Digestion
ISBN: 9781843396963 / Angielski / Miękka / 196 str. Termin realizacji zamówienia: ok. 5-8 dni roboczych. The purpose of this research was to evaluate and compare various thermophilic anaerobic digestion processes for meeting U.S. EPA biosolids Class A pathogen standards. The project was split into three phases. Phase 1 screened three bench-scale thermophilic anaerobic process configurations at three different thermophilic temperatures based on their fecal coliform destruction efficiency. All three of the thermophilic process configurations tested were capable of achieving the Class A fecal coliform standard and were included in Phase 2. In Phase 2, bench-scale anaerobic digesters were fed...
The purpose of this research was to evaluate and compare various thermophilic anaerobic digestion processes for meeting U.S. EPA biosolids Class A pat...
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cena:
644,07 zł |
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Use of Novel Techniques to Quantify Phenotypes in Biological Treatment Process
ISBN: 9781843396970 / Angielski / Miękka / 207 str. Termin realizacji zamówienia: ok. 5-8 dni roboczych. This research attempts to evaluate nitrification treatment performance in combined carbon/nitrogen municipal wastewater reactors using traditional physical/chemical methods and modern molecular techniques. Bench scale activated sludge reactors were operated at different SRTs under varying DO levels and temperatures over a 21-month period. Real-time PCR assays were used to determine cell concentrations of total bacterial 16S rDNA, a gross measure of biomass content, the amoA gene, a measure of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB), and the Nitrospira 16S rDNA gene, a measure of nitrite-oxidizing...
This research attempts to evaluate nitrification treatment performance in combined carbon/nitrogen municipal wastewater reactors using traditional phy...
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cena:
644,07 zł |
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Fate and Persistence of Pathogens Subjected to Disinfection
ISBN: 9781843396994 / Angielski / Miękka / 124 str. Termin realizacji zamówienia: ok. 5-8 dni roboczych. Disinfection of wastewater is a necessary treatment process for protecting the public from potential exposure to pathogenic microorganisms because many wastewater effluents are discharged into water bodies that may be used for recreation or as future drinking water supplies. Two common forms of disinfection are chlorine and ultraviolet (UV) light. However, microorganisms differ in their susceptibility to UV and chlorine disinfectants. It is necessary to understand how different classes of pathogens respond to UV and chlorine disinfection processes in wastewater to better develop strategies...
Disinfection of wastewater is a necessary treatment process for protecting the public from potential exposure to pathogenic microorganisms because man...
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cena:
644,07 zł |
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Evaluating and Optimizing Source Treatment Technologies to Improve the Biodegradability of Organic Compounds
ISBN: 9781843397021 / Angielski / Miękka / 189 str. Termin realizacji zamówienia: ok. 5-8 dni roboczych. The main objective of this research was to investigate the capabilities of three chemical oxidation processes as pretreatment technologies with the goal of making wastewaters containing persistent organic compounds amenable to biotreatment. The processes investigated are ozonation, ultraviolet radiation/ hydrogen peroxide (UV/H2O2) and Fenton reaction. The studies were focused on two organic compounds: Dichloro diethyl ether (DCDE) and methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE). Synthetic solutions, and a real groundwater and an industrial wastewater were used for experimentation. The experimental...
The main objective of this research was to investigate the capabilities of three chemical oxidation processes as pretreatment technologies with the go...
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cena:
644,07 zł |
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Evaluation of Feasibility of Methods to Minimize Biomass Production from Biotreatment
ISBN: 9781843397038 / Angielski / Miękka / 265 str. Termin realizacji zamówienia: ok. 5-8 dni roboczych. This report presents the results of an evaluation of technologies that may result in less biomass production in activated sludge processes. The report summarizes the results of a comprehensive literature review that was done to evaluate technologies in terms of their sludge reduction potential, ease of implementation, impacts on plant operations and effluent quality, reliability, and relative capital and operating costs. Reporting testing results supported significant biomass reduction by processes using chemical and thermal methods, higher life forms (predator processes), anaerobic instead...
This report presents the results of an evaluation of technologies that may result in less biomass production in activated sludge processes. The report...
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cena:
644,07 zł |
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Characterizing Mechanisms of Simultaneous Biological Nutrient Removal During Wastewater Treatment
ISBN: 9781843397052 / Angielski / Miękka / 102 str. Termin realizacji zamówienia: ok. 5-8 dni roboczych. Simultaneous biological nutrient removal (SBNR) is the removal of nitrogen and/or phosphorus in excess of that required for biomass synthesis in biological wastewater treatment systems where there are no defined anaerobic and/or anoxic zones. The hypothesis is that one or more of three mechanisms is responsible within individual systems: variations in the bioreactor macroenvironment created by the mixing pattern, gradients within the floc microenvironment, and/or novel microorganism activity. Understanding of the mechanisms of SBNR can be expected to lead to improved efficiency and...
Simultaneous biological nutrient removal (SBNR) is the removal of nitrogen and/or phosphorus in excess of that required for biomass synthesis in biolo...
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cena:
644,07 zł |
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Multiple Stressors
ISBN: 9781843397076 / Angielski / Miękka / 145 str. Termin realizacji zamówienia: ok. 5-8 dni roboczych. There is a pressing need for developing and testing a general set of theories in order to provide a confident basis for prediction of multiple stressor effects. Confident prediction is central to confident decision making in water pollution control. Consequently, WERF commissioned this study which has as its goal to provide a study design based on good science that helps establish a general, conceptual approach to multiple stressors. The objectives of the study are to develop a flexible and scientifically defensible conceptual model of the environmental effects of multiple stressors on river...
There is a pressing need for developing and testing a general set of theories in order to provide a confident basis for prediction of multiple stresso...
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cena:
644,07 zł |
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Identifying and Controlling Odor in the Municipal Wastewater Environment, Health Effects of Biosolids Odors
ISBN: 9781843397083 / Angielski / Miękka / 60 str. Termin realizacji zamówienia: ok. 5-8 dni roboczych. This report deals with whether the experience of odors, i.e., odors as sensations, from biosolids at wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) causes illness. There exists no repository of information on the numbers of complainants with illness, their specific complaints, or the relationship between degree of exposure and complaints. Anecdotal reports nevertheless imply a pattern much like that associated with other industrial malodors. Any connection between odor and illness has received little note among the millions of articles in the medical literature. This state of affairs presumably exists...
This report deals with whether the experience of odors, i.e., odors as sensations, from biosolids at wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) causes illnes...
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cena:
644,07 zł |
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Identifying and Communicating the Benefits and Risks of Disinfecting Wet Weather Flows
ISBN: 9781843397090 / Angielski / Miękka / 174 str. Termin realizacji zamówienia: ok. 5-8 dni roboczych. The primary objective of this project was to identify and communicate the benefits and risks of disinfecting wet weather flows by evaluating available disinfection technologies and identifying disinfection by-products and their potential risks to aquatic and human life. A decision-making framework was developed that could be used as a model to guide combined sewer overflow (CSO), sanitary sewer overflow (SSO) and stormwater (SW) disinfection control policies. This project was implemented as a case study in collaboration with the Onondaga County Department of Water Environment Protection...
The primary objective of this project was to identify and communicate the benefits and risks of disinfecting wet weather flows by evaluating available...
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cena:
644,07 zł |
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Field Calibration and Verification of a Pathogen Transport Model
ISBN: 9781843397113 / Angielski / Miękka / 52 str. Termin realizacji zamówienia: ok. 5-8 dni roboczych. Outbreaks of cryptosporidiosis throughout the world, especially the massive outbreak in Milwakee in 1993 drew public attention to the quality of drinking water supplies and to the efficiency of water treatment methods. Cryptosporidiosis is a severe gastrointestinal disease caused by the transmissive form of Cryptosporidium parvum protozoan and its oocysts. Digestion of as few as 30 oocysts may be fatal to infants, elderly and immunocompromized persons. C. parvum oocysts are ubiquitous in untreated water and extremely resistant to harsh environmental conditions including standard water...
Outbreaks of cryptosporidiosis throughout the world, especially the massive outbreak in Milwakee in 1993 drew public attention to the quality of drink...
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cena:
644,07 zł |
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Global Lessons for Watershed Management in the United States
ISBN: 9781843397120 / Angielski / Miękka / 292 str. Termin realizacji zamówienia: ok. 5-8 dni roboczych. Water resource management in the United States is evolving in the face of continuing challenges to protect water quality, provide adequate quantities of water for competing uses, and protect habitat and other natural resources. In many jurisdictions and agencies this evolution is increasingly leading toward adoption of watershed management. This approach is characterized by planning and decision making on a watershed scale, integration of a variety of competing water resource priorities and goals, cooperation of multiple stakeholders and governmental agencies, and increased levels of public...
Water resource management in the United States is evolving in the face of continuing challenges to protect water quality, provide adequate quantities ...
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cena:
644,07 zł |
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