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Greece: Human Rights
ISBN: 9781502852922 / Angielski / Miękka / 48 str. Termin realizacji zamówienia: ok. 5-8 dni roboczych. Greece is a constitutional republic and multi-party parliamentary democracy. In June 2012 the country held national elections, considered free and fair, and swore in a new coalition government composed of the New Democracy (ND), the Pan-Hellenic Socialist Movement (PASOK), and the Democratic Left (DIMAR) political parties, with ND leader Antonis Samaras serving as prime minister. Following DIMAR's departure from the coalition on June 24, Prime Minister Samaras reshuffled his cabinet. Authorities maintained effective control over security forces. There were, however, allegations of some abuses...
Greece is a constitutional republic and multi-party parliamentary democracy. In June 2012 the country held national elections, considered free and fai...
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Ghana: Human Rights
ISBN: 9781502852939 / Angielski / Miękka / 30 str. Termin realizacji zamówienia: ok. 5-8 dni roboczych. Ghana is a constitutional democracy with a strong presidency and a unicameral, 275-seat parliament. In late 2008 the National Democratic Congress (NDC) won both the presidency and a small majority in parliament in an election domestic and international observers deemed generally free and fair. NDC candidate John Evans Atta Mills became president in early 2009 for a four-year term. When President Mills died in July 2012, Vice President John Dramani Mahama assumed the office of president. President Mahama won re-election in December 2012. The New Patriotic Party (NPP) alleged massive voting...
Ghana is a constitutional democracy with a strong presidency and a unicameral, 275-seat parliament. In late 2008 the National Democratic Congress (NDC...
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Kuwait: Human Rights
ISBN: 9781502853431 / Angielski / Miękka / 32 str. Termin realizacji zamówienia: ok. 5-8 dni roboczych. Kuwait is a constitutional, hereditary emirate ruled by the al-Sabah family. The July 27 parliamentary elections were generally free and fair, although some opposition groups boycotted. Authorities maintained effective control over the security forces. Security forces occasionally committed human rights abuses. Principal human rights problems included limitations on citizens' right to change their government; restrictions on freedom of speech and assembly, especially among foreign workers and stateless Arabs (called "Bidoon"); trafficking in persons within the foreign worker population,...
Kuwait is a constitutional, hereditary emirate ruled by the al-Sabah family. The July 27 parliamentary elections were generally free and fair, althoug...
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Kosovo: Human Rights
ISBN: 9781502853448 / Angielski / Miękka / 38 str. Termin realizacji zamówienia: ok. 5-8 dni roboczych. Kosovo is a parliamentary democracy. The constitution and laws provide for an elected unicameral Assembly, which in turn elects a president, whose choice of prime minister the Assembly must approve. The country held parliamentary elections in 2010-11 that met many international standards but also involved many irregularities, including vote buying; limitations on women's participation, especially in rural areas; and limitations on freedom of movement for ethnic minorities. The country declared its independence from Serbia in 2008. Civilian authorities maintained control over the security...
Kosovo is a parliamentary democracy. The constitution and laws provide for an elected unicameral Assembly, which in turn elects a president, whose cho...
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Kenya: Human Rights
ISBN: 9781502853455 / Angielski / Miękka / 72 str. Termin realizacji zamówienia: ok. 5-8 dni roboczych. Kenya is a republic with an institutionally strong president and a bicameral legislature. The country is undergoing the transfer of significant elements of fiscal and administrative authority from the central government to 47 newly created county governments. In a national referendum in 2010, citizens approved a new constitution that called for significant institutional and structural changes to the government, including the abolition of the post of prime minister and creation of an elected deputy president position, transition to a bicameral national legislature, and the creation of county...
Kenya is a republic with an institutionally strong president and a bicameral legislature. The country is undergoing the transfer of significant elemen...
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Kazakhstan: Human Rights
ISBN: 9781502853462 / Angielski / Miękka / 38 str. Termin realizacji zamówienia: ok. 5-8 dni roboczych. The Republic of Kazakhstan has a government system dominated by President Nursultan Nazarbayev and the ruling Nur Otan Party. The constitution concentrates power in the presidency. The president controls the legislature and the judiciary as well as regional and local governments. Changes or amendments to the constitution require presidential consent. The 2012 national elections for the Mazhilis (lower house of parliament) fell short of international standards, as did the 2011 presidential election, in which President Nazarbayev received 95 percent of the vote. Civilian authorities maintained...
The Republic of Kazakhstan has a government system dominated by President Nursultan Nazarbayev and the ruling Nur Otan Party. The constitution concent...
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Jordan: Human Rights
ISBN: 9781502853479 / Angielski / Miękka / 46 str. Termin realizacji zamówienia: ok. 5-8 dni roboczych. The Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan is a constitutional monarchy ruled by King Abdullah II bin Hussein. The constitution concentrates executive and legislative authority in the king. The multi-party parliament consists of the 75-member House of Notables (Majlis al-Ayan) appointed by the king and a 150-member elected lower house, the Chamber of Deputies (Majlis al-Nuwwab). Chamber of Deputies and municipal elections, which international observers deemed credible, took place on January 23. Authorities generally maintained effective control over the security forces. Security forces committed human...
The Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan is a constitutional monarchy ruled by King Abdullah II bin Hussein. The constitution concentrates executive and legisl...
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Japan: Human Rights
ISBN: 9781502853486 / Angielski / Miękka / 30 str. Termin realizacji zamówienia: ok. 5-8 dni roboczych. Japan has a parliamentary government with a constitutional monarchy. National lower-house elections in December 2012 resulted in the swearing-in of Shinzo Abe, leader of the Liberal Democratic Party, as prime minister. Upper house elections on July 21 gave the ruling coalition a majority in that chamber. The elections were considered free and fair. Civilian authorities maintained effective control over the security forces. Security forces did not commit human rights abuses. The leading human rights problems included lack of due process for pretrial detainees, prison and detention center...
Japan has a parliamentary government with a constitutional monarchy. National lower-house elections in December 2012 resulted in the swearing-in of Sh...
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Jamaica: Human Rights
ISBN: 9781502853493 / Angielski / Miękka / 28 str. Termin realizacji zamówienia: ok. 5-8 dni roboczych. Jamaica is a constitutional parliamentary democracy. The People's National Party (PNP) led by Prime Minister Portia Simpson Miller controlled 42 of the 63 seats in the House of Representatives. International election observers deemed the 2011 elections transparent, free, fair, and without violence. Authorities failed at times to maintain effective control over the security forces. Security forces allegedly committed human rights abuses. The most serious human rights issues were alleged unlawful security force killings; cases involving the violation of rights that were not resolved in a timely...
Jamaica is a constitutional parliamentary democracy. The People's National Party (PNP) led by Prime Minister Portia Simpson Miller controlled 42 of th...
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Italy: Human Rights
ISBN: 9781502853509 / Angielski / Miękka / 26 str. Termin realizacji zamówienia: ok. 5-8 dni roboczych. Italy is a multi-party parliamentary democracy with a bicameral parliament consisting of the Chamber of Deputies and the Senate. The constitution vests executive authority in the Council of Ministers, headed by a prime minister, whose official title is President of the Council. The President of the Republic, who is the head of state, nominates the prime minister after consulting with the leaders of all political parties in parliament. International observers considered the national parliamentary elections February 24-25 free and fair. The law requires the government maintain civilian control...
Italy is a multi-party parliamentary democracy with a bicameral parliament consisting of the Chamber of Deputies and the Senate. The constitution vest...
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Israel: Human Rights
ISBN: 9781502853516 / Angielski / Miękka / 96 str. Termin realizacji zamówienia: ok. 5-8 dni roboczych. Israel is a multiparty parliamentary democracy. Although it has no constitution, the parliament, the unicameral 120-member Knesset, has enacted a series of "Basic Laws" that enumerate fundamental rights. Certain fundamental laws, orders, and regulations legally depend on the existence of a "State of Emergency," which has been in effect since 1948. Under the Basic Laws, the Knesset has the power to dissolve the government and mandate elections. The nationwide Knesset elections on January 22, considered free and fair, resulted in a coalition government led by Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu....
Israel is a multiparty parliamentary democracy. Although it has no constitution, the parliament, the unicameral 120-member Knesset, has enacted a seri...
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Iraq: Human Rights
ISBN: 9781502853523 / Angielski / Miękka / 66 str. Termin realizacji zamówienia: ok. 5-8 dni roboczych. Iraq is a constitutional parliamentary republic. Prime Minister Nouri Kamal Maliki secured a second term in office after free and fair elections in 2010. While all major political parties participated in the government, significant unresolved problems continued to hamper its operation. Authorities maintained effective control over the security forces. Security forces and armed militias committed serious human rights abuses as rising levels of terrorist violence, corruption, and organizational dysfunction undermined effective protection of human rights. Severe human rights problems persisted....
Iraq is a constitutional parliamentary republic. Prime Minister Nouri Kamal Maliki secured a second term in office after free and fair elections in 20...
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Madagascar: Human Rights
ISBN: 9781502855190 / Angielski / Miękka / 34 str. Termin realizacji zamówienia: ok. 5-8 dni roboczych. On October 25 and December 20, presidential and legislative elections were held for the first time since an unelected and illegal civilian regime headed by de facto president Andry Rajoelina assumed power in a 2009 coup with military support. By year's end, official election results had not yet been certified by the Special Electoral Court (CES) due to numerous legal challenges. The election was the culmination of a transitional process brokered by mediators acting on behalf of the Southern African Development Community (SADC), which led to the 2011 signing by political leaders of a "Roadmap...
On October 25 and December 20, presidential and legislative elections were held for the first time since an unelected and illegal civilian regime head...
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Macedonia: Human Rights
ISBN: 9781502855206 / Angielski / Miękka / 30 str. Termin realizacji zamówienia: ok. 5-8 dni roboczych. The Republic of Macedonia is a parliamentary democracy. A popularly elected president is head of state and commander in chief of the armed forces. A unicameral parliament exercises legislative authority. The Organization of Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) stated that the parliamentary elections in 2011 were competitive, transparent, and well administered. Security forces reported to civilian authorities. Security forces did not commit widespread or systemic human rights abuses. The most critical human rights problem was the government's failure to fully respect the rule of law,...
The Republic of Macedonia is a parliamentary democracy. A popularly elected president is head of state and commander in chief of the armed forces. A u...
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Lithuania: Human Rights
ISBN: 9781502855213 / Angielski / Miękka / 26 str. Termin realizacji zamówienia: ok. 5-8 dni roboczych. The Republic of Lithuania is a constitutional, multi-party, parliamentary democracy. Legislative authority resides in a unicameral parliament (Seimas). Observers evaluated the October 2012 parliamentary elections as generally free and fair. The elections led to the formation of a center-left government. Authorities maintained effective control over security forces. Security forces did not commit human rights abuses. Some prisons continued to be overcrowded and in poor condition, and lengthy pretrial detention remained a problem. There were open manifestations of intolerance, including...
The Republic of Lithuania is a constitutional, multi-party, parliamentary democracy. Legislative authority resides in a unicameral parliament (Seimas)...
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Libya: Human Rights
ISBN: 9781502855220 / Angielski / Miękka / 32 str. Termin realizacji zamówienia: ok. 5-8 dni roboczych. Libya is a parliamentary democracy with a temporary Constitutional Declaration that allows for the exercise of a full range of political, civil, and judicial rights. Following the fall of Qadhafi's regime in 2011, the National Transitional Council (NTC) oversaw a free and fair election in July 2012 and handed power to an elected parliament, the General National Congress (GNC), in August 2012. The General National Congress appointed a prime minister in November 2012 to head an interim government. These steps led to the formal establishment of the new "State of Libya" on January 9. The interim...
Libya is a parliamentary democracy with a temporary Constitutional Declaration that allows for the exercise of a full range of political, civil, and j...
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Liberia: Human Rights
ISBN: 9781502855237 / Angielski / Miękka / 28 str. Termin realizacji zamówienia: ok. 5-8 dni roboczych. Liberia is a constitutional republic with a bicameral National Assembly. In November 2011 Ellen Johnson Sirleaf of the Unity Party won a second term in multi-party presidential elections, which domestic and international observers considered generally free and fair. Authorities generally maintained effective control over the security forces. Security forces, however, committed human rights abuses. The most serious human rights abuses were those tied to a lack of justice: judicial inefficiency and corruption; lengthy pretrial detention; denial of due process; and harsh prison conditions....
Liberia is a constitutional republic with a bicameral National Assembly. In November 2011 Ellen Johnson Sirleaf of the Unity Party won a second term i...
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Lesotho: Human Rights
ISBN: 9781502855244 / Angielski / Miękka / 28 str. Termin realizacji zamówienia: ok. 5-8 dni roboczych. Lesotho is a constitutional monarchy with a democratic parliamentary government. Under the constitution, the king is head of state but does not actively participate in political activities. The prime minister is head of government and has executive authority. In June 2012, the first peaceful transfer of power from one government to another took place, as Prime Minister Motsoahae Thomas Thabane, leader of the All Basotho Convention (ABC) party, took the oath of office. The May 2012 parliamentary elections gave no political party a majority. The ruling Democratic Congress (DC) party won a...
Lesotho is a constitutional monarchy with a democratic parliamentary government. Under the constitution, the king is head of state but does not active...
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Lebanon: Human Rights
ISBN: 9781502855251 / Angielski / Miękka / 40 str. Termin realizacji zamówienia: ok. 5-8 dni roboczych. Lebanon is a parliamentary republic, with a Maronite Christian president, Shia speaker of the chamber of deputies (Parliament), and Sunni prime minister based on the 1943 National Pact. Parliamentary elections in 2009 were considered peaceful, free, and fair. Government security forces reported to civilian authorities, although the terrorist group Hizballah and Palestinian security and militia forces were outside the direction or control of government officials. Security forces committed human rights abuses. The most significant human rights abuses during the year were torture and abuse by...
Lebanon is a parliamentary republic, with a Maronite Christian president, Shia speaker of the chamber of deputies (Parliament), and Sunni prime minist...
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Latvia: Human Rights
ISBN: 9781502855268 / Angielski / Miękka / 28 str. Termin realizacji zamówienia: ok. 5-8 dni roboczych. The Republic of Latvia is a multi-party parliamentary democracy. Legislative authority is vested in a unicameral parliament (Saeima). Elections in September 2011 for the 100-seat parliament were free and fair. Authorities maintained effective control over the security forces. There were some reports that security forces committed human rights abuses, particularly that individual police personnel abused persons in custody. The most significant human rights problem during the year was corruption. Other notable problems included poor conditions in detention and prison facilities, violence...
The Republic of Latvia is a multi-party parliamentary democracy. Legislative authority is vested in a unicameral parliament (Saeima). Elections in Sep...
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