This compilation begins with a presentation on the significance of high-density lipoprotein functionality over the actual high-density lipoprotein concentration in mediating favourable effects on the cardiovascular system. The authors go on to discuss ureter pelvic junction obstruction, which has a reported incidence of 1 in 200 live births and is classified as either congenital or acquired. Following this, it is proposed that the decision to implement a calculated and measured treatment plan for a specific patient can be made using integral radiobiological criteria, namely tumour control...

Advances in Medicine and Biology. Volume 162 opens with an assessment of the modern available data, as well as the results from the authors' own research, on the neurotropic effects of amino acid L-arginine. The effects of L-arginine and some arginine-containing oligopeptides on pain and pain-induced behavior in rats are examined. Depending on their binding to activate specific receptors, antagonists have selective functions. As such, this compilation details their specificity, mode of interactions and their usefulness and drawbacks for humans. Next, a review on how CD14 interacts with...

Advances in Medicine and Biology. Volume 163 begins by discussing lipidomics, a newly emerging field of biomedical research that uses a mass spectrometry-based tool for the quantitative and qualitative analysis of complex lipids in the biological system. Following this, the authors analyze basic aspects of the cellular processes involved in olfactory signal transduction, focusing on the neurogenic processes of neuronal stem cells from the olfactory neuroepithelium. Recent information from several experimental studies is presented highlighting the application of CCl4 as an inducer of...

Advances in Medicine and Biology. Volume 165 first presents promising information about the essential goal of effective and safe medication for target patients with the appropriate genotypes. The authors explore the diverse causes of neonatal leukemoid reaction in premature infants proposed by Hill and Duncan in 1941, such as intrauterine infection and maternal steroid administration. This compilation also explores hjypoxia-inducible factor-1, a key gene regulator for cellular adaptation to hypoxia which leads to a transcriptional response under physiological as well as pathological...

Advances in Medicine and Biology. Volume 164 begins by proposing that first-line chemotherapy of metastatic colorectal cancer consensus molecular subtypes appears to be a prognostic factor that is able to provide information about growth rate. The authors go on to review the current and future applications of bioartificial grafts and conduits in the bridging of peripheral nerve defects. Ginsenoside Rb1 and phosphoramidon are studied in the zebrafish model of diabetic retinopathy, a progressive proliferative and non-proliferative disorder of retina with alterations of the blood-retinal...

In this compilation, the authors review the available evidence of the benefits of benfotiamine administration, paying particular attention to patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and diabetic peripheral neuropathy, cardiac autonomic neuropathy and gastrointestinal neuropathy. An overview of cyclic AMP response element binding protein's structure and functions is provided, in addition to a review of its molecular mechanisms and role in disease processes, including neural diseases, diabetes and cancer. Based on bibliographic references and studies carried out by the authors, this work also...

This edited monograph contains five chapters that present advancements in the fields of medicine and biology. Chapter One provides a comprehensive review of the biological specimens used to monitor antipsychotic drugs as well as the analytical methods and sample preparation techniques used for their determination. Chapter Two focuses on estradiol and how it regulates the biology of innate and adaptive immune cell subpopulations, and how it may contribute to the resolution, exacerbation, or treatment for colorectal cancer. Chapter Three discusses the involvement of vitamin A in different areas...

This compilation comprises 6 chapters, each detailing a recent advancement in medicine and biology. Chapter 1 deals with tuberculosis (TB), describing current knowledge of disease pathogenesis, epidemiology of TB and drug-resistant TB, evolution and molecular mechanisms of drug resistance, fitness compensatory mechanisms and laboratory methods for the diagnosis of susceptible and drug-resistant TB. Chapter 2 details the use of B cell-targeted therapy for treatment of autoimmune and chronic inflammatory diseases. Chapter 3 concerns peptic ulcer disease and the various therapeutic approaches...

Advances in Medicine and Biology. Volume 169 begins with a focus on psoriasis, a chronic inflammatory skin disease that displays autoimmune traits with strong genetic predispositions. Often, psoriasis is associated with significant physical or psychosocial burden, poor quality of life and significant long-lasting impairments. Following this, the authors discuss matrix metalloproteinases, multi-domain proteins with activities regulated by tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases. Cyptorchidism, a congenital pathological condition characterized by the failure of testes to descend to the scrotum,...

This compilation begins by examining the use of propofol for end of life sedation. As the use of this medication in end-of-life care is uncommon, providers may lack practical experience and resources that are specific to this specialized application. Following this, the authors describe the role of sperm DNA integrity in miscarriage, including a review of the available DNA fragmentation assays and treatment options for high levels of DNA fragmentation. Mental health literacy is reviewed, particularly focusing on possible reasons for the current illiteracy and aiming to determine how literacy...