This book was originally conceived as a continuation in theme of the collec tive monograph Limits of Predictability (Yu. A. Kravtsov, Ed., Springer Series in Synergetics, Vol. 60, Springer-Verlag, Heidelberg, 1993). The main thrust of that book was to examine the various effects and factors (system non stationarity, measurement noise, predictive model accuracy, and so on) that may limit, in a fundamental fashion, our ability to mathematically predict physical and man-made phenomena and events. Particularly interesting was the diversity of fields from which the papers and examples were drawn,...