Spices are obtained from natural sources, especially from plants, and are used in cooking food in whole or grounded form mainly for imparting flavor, aroma, and piquancy to the foods. Besides their role in improving food qualities, spices also have health benefits (such as anticancer, antidiabetic, antimicrobial, antioxidant, hypolipidemic, analgesic, immunostimulant, etc.).
Spices are generally marketed in powder form, and their supply chain is very long and complicated, which is why they are particularly susceptible to adulteration at many points. The spice supply chain is considered to be...