Notes from Underground, also translated as Notes from the Underground or Letters from the Underworld, is an 1864 novella by Fyodor Dostoevsky. Notes is considered by many to be one of the first existentialist novels. It presents itself as an excerpt from the rambling memoirs of a bitter, isolated, unnamed narrator (generally referred to by critics as the Underground Man) who is a retired civil servant living in St. Petersburg. The first part of the story is told in monologue form, or the underground man's diary, and attacks emerging Western philosophy, especially Nikolay Chernyshevsky's What...

Crime and Punishment is a novel by the Russian author Fyodor Dostoevsky. It was first published in the literary journal The Russian Messenger in twelve monthly installments during 1866. It was later published in a single volume. It is the second of Dostoyevsky's full-length novels following his return from 10 years of exile in Siberia. Crime and Punishment is considered the first great novel of his "mature" period of writing.

Zadig ou la Destinee (Zadig o El libro del Destino; 1747) es una novela famosa y obra de ficcion filosofica escrita por el filosofo de la Ilustracion Voltaire. Se cuenta la historia de Zadig, un filosofo de la antigua Babilonia. El autor no realice ningun rigor historico, y algunos de los problemas son caras Zadig finamente referencias encubiertas a los problemas sociales y politicos de la epoca misma de Voltaire. Fue publicado originalmente como Memnon en Amsterdam (con una falsa huella de Londres) y publicado por primera vez bajo su titulo mas familiar en 1748. El libro hace uso de la...

L'Ingenu est une uvre de Voltaire parue en 1767, etiquetee generalement comme conte ou roman philosophique. Voltaire y raconte les aventures d'un Huron ( l'Ingenu ) qui, arrive en France, regarde la vie francaise avec candeur, innocence et naivete. Il est engage dans une histoire d'amour et se trouve confronte a de multiples difficultes face aux pouvoirs religieux et tyranniques du siecle de Louis XIV. L' uvre tient a la fois de l'apologue et du conte philosophique par les themes abordes comme la verite dogmatique opposee a la raison ou l'etat de nature. Elle releve aussi du conte satirique...

The Dictionnaire philosophique (Philosophical Dictionary) is an encyclopedic dictionary published by Voltaire in 1764. The alphabetically arranged articles often criticize the Roman Catholic Church and other institutions. The first edition, released in June 1764, went by the name of Dictionnaire philosophique portatif. It was 344 pages and consisted of 73 articles. Later versions were expanded into two volumes consisting of 120 articles. The first editions were published anonymously in Geneva by Gabriel Grasset. Due to the volatile content of the Dictionnaire, Voltaire chose Grasset over his...

The Dictionnaire philosophique (Philosophical Dictionary) is an encyclopedic dictionary published by Voltaire in 1764. The alphabetically arranged articles often criticize the Roman Catholic Church and other institutions. The first edition, released in June 1764, went by the name of Dictionnaire philosophique portatif. It was 344 pages and consisted of 73 articles. Later versions were expanded into two volumes consisting of 120 articles. The first editions were published anonymously in Geneva by Gabriel Grasset. Due to the volatile content of the Dictionnaire, Voltaire chose Grasset over his...

The Dictionnaire philosophique (Philosophical Dictionary) is an encyclopedic dictionary published by Voltaire in 1764. The alphabetically arranged articles often criticize the Roman Catholic Church and other institutions. The first edition, released in June 1764, went by the name of Dictionnaire philosophique portatif. It was 344 pages and consisted of 73 articles. Later versions were expanded into two volumes consisting of 120 articles. The first editions were published anonymously in Geneva by Gabriel Grasset. Due to the volatile content of the Dictionnaire, Voltaire chose Grasset over his...

The Dictionnaire philosophique (Philosophical Dictionary) is an encyclopedic dictionary published by Voltaire in 1764. The alphabetically arranged articles often criticize the Roman Catholic Church and other institutions. The first edition, released in June 1764, went by the name of Dictionnaire philosophique portatif. It was 344 pages and consisted of 73 articles. Later versions were expanded into two volumes consisting of 120 articles. The first editions were published anonymously in Geneva by Gabriel Grasset. Due to the volatile content of the Dictionnaire, Voltaire chose Grasset over his...

Excerpt En zoo werd het eendje voor drie weken op de proef aangenomen; maar er kwamen geen eieren. En de kater was heer in huis, en de kip was er zoo goed als vrouw, en altijd zeiden zij: Wij en de wereld Want zij dachten, dat zij de helft waren, en verreweg de beste helft. Het eendje gaf als zijn meening te kennen, dat het toch ook wel eens anders zou kunnen zijn; maar dat kon de kip niet velen. Kun je eieren leggen? vroeg zij. Neen. Welnu, wil je dan wel eens zwijgen? En de kater zei: Kun je een hoogen rug zetten en spinnen en maken, dat er vonken uit je lijf komen? Neen. Dan mag je ook...