All the biological parameters done from fresh cows' urine of different stages respectively Calves, Pregnant cows, Milking cows. From every stage four cows were selected and urine samples taken at week intervals in early morning time.The pH of cow urine in each stage cow was alkaline with exception in C1 at week-3 and in P2 at week -1 where the pH was 6.93 and 6.97 respectively and EC was highest in calves. Urea and Phenol and amino acid contents found highest in pregnant followed by milch cows than calves. Amylase activity and uric acid were significantly highest in urine of milking cows....

Milk is the basis for a variety of different dairy products including cheese, yogurt, kefir and ice milk. The scientific name for a dairy cow is Bos taurus. Cow milk and its products are basic foodstuffs and constitute an important source of nutrient in the daily diet of humans. The content of protein, fat, carbohydrate, vitamins and minerals determine biological and technological properties of milk. The practice of drinking cow's milk is ancient, thought to date back as early as 6,000 - 8,000 B.C. Dairy cows did not make an appearance in America until the early 17th century, when they were...

Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.) vegetable plays a vital role in the health and nutritional security of human being and it belongs to the family of fabaceae, is a diploid with chromosome number 2n=22 and genome size is 600 Mb. Cowpea is one of the oldest source of human food.The use of various biochemical techniques like isoenzyme patterns and various molecular marker techniques which are independent of environmental factors like RAPD, ISSR, SSR and protein-profiling using gel electrophoresis techniques offers significant advantage for species identification in that they are rapid, relatively...

The experimental material comprising ten tomato genotypes collected from Vegetable Research Station, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh. Eight morphological characters used, namely plant height, number of branches, plant spread, fruit length, fruit girth, seed per fruit, shape of fruit and color of fruit for morphological characterization. Three isoenzymes viz Esterase, Peroxidase, Catalase and protein profile of seedlings used for Biochemical characterization. 11 RAPD, 13 ISSR, 23 SSR primers were used for molecular characterization. In present study, the morphological variation...