Sheep (Ovis aries) is well-thought-out to be a significant source of nutrition around the world. This study is about exploiting the possibility of irradiating sheep meat with Gamma Radiation and optimizing a radiation dose that can be set as a standard against which sheep meat could be sterilized in future in Pakistan. Radiation treatment can adequately eliminate possibly pathogenic bacteria that includes both long-time known pathogens such as Salmonella and Staphylococcus aureus as well as new emerging pathogens such as Campylobacter jejuni, Listeria monocytogenes or Escherichia coli O157:...

Drainage bags are used in patients that have urinary retention or having surgery. Many infectious diseases have been reported due to the use of unsterilized catheters of these drainage bags. The undertaken provides the most efficient method for sterilization of drainage bags that is gamma radiations. The dose of 25kGy was optimized at which no microbial load were found. So, it was concluded that gamma radiations are very effective method for sterilization of drainage bags

The main aim of this study is the estimation of microbial load on tracheostomy tube and subsequent optimization of gamma radiation dose for efficient decontamination of the tube. The microflora of previously EtO sterilized tracheostomy tubes of three different companies was ascertained. The microflora was then identified by morphological analysis of the bacterial colonies followed by Gram staining and biochemical characterization tests. These tests revealed the presence of two different kinds of gram positive bacteria: Bacilus subtilis and Staphylococcus epidermidis. Three samples of the...

Irradiation is the significant way of sterilization of food from microbes. This study is conducted to determine the microbial load on organic chicken and their elimination by gamma radiation and enhance the shelf life of organic chicken and optimizing the radiation dose that can be set as a standard for the sterilization of organic chicken meat in Pakistan. The microbes which eliminated by radiation treatment are Campylobacter jejuni, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella spp. and Aeromonas hydrophila. In addition to this, acid and antibiotic resistant microbial load is also...

Carrot is recognized as one of the nutritious vegetable as it contains essential nutrients, vitamins, fibers and minerals required for normal growth and development of overall being. It is gaining importance all over the world due to its health benefit.The aim of study was to extend the shelf life of carrot by eliminating the residing micro flora on carrot without affecting its nutritional values by optimizing gamma radiation dose. The samples of the carrot were sent to PARAS and irradiated at different doses i.e. 1 kGy and 1.5 kGy. The main purpose of the study was to optimize such dose at...

Potato is high yielding important crop worldwide, Alternaria solani is the causal agent early blight (EB) disease of potato that leads to major damages to potato crop. It is a major foliar disease of potato and causes 20-50% yield loses. Effective management of this disease requires implementation of an integrated disease management approach. The plant world comprises a rich source of biologically active natural products to control plant diseases. Plant extracts play an important role in the inhibition of seed borne diseases and may used as an alternative to currently used fungicides. Neem...

Annually, tons of cellulosic waste is generated in urban areas in the form of newspaper, office paper etc. The present study was conducted for isolation of cellulolytic bacteria and to analyze their efficiency towards decomposition of cellulose urban waste that is newspaper. Isolation of potential cellulolytic bacteria and their ability to produce enzymes CMCase, FPase and - glucosidase were studied. Cellulose is the basic structural material of plant cell wall, and as a result is the most plentiful carbohydrate that exists in environment. In the present study cellulose degrading bacterial...

This book provides you information about isolation, screening and selection of strains for amyloglucosidase production. Fungal isolates were isolated from different habitats.Information about evaluation of five different type of media. Detailed procedure of solid state fermentation technique for AMG prduction. Effect of different physical and chemical factors on the enzyme prduction also given in this book.

A major by product of poultry industry is waste feathers. The huge increase in size of individual production facilities and the total poultry industry has resulted in enormous increases in waste, particularly feathers, to be managed. Feather waste is produced in massive amount resulting in large quantities of this byproduct of poultry industry. Feathers constitute over 90% protein, the main component being beta-keratin, a fibrous and insoluble structural protein extensively cross linked by disulfide bonds. Keratin is resistant to digestion by animals, insects and proteases leading to serious...