Escalating trends in fossil fuel consumption has lead to shortage of energy domains. Cellulosic biomass is regarded the most promising substitute for supplementation of energy demands. Enzyme production from lignocellulosic biomass via biological route seems to be very attractive and sustainable due to ubiquitous nature of biomass and its non-competitiveness with food crops. The key element in bioconversion process of lignocellulosics to biofuels is the hydrolytic enzymes chiefly cellulases. Cellulases are the third largest industrial enzyme in the world and gaining rejuvenated interest due...

Fossil fuel depletion, increase in oil prices and adverse environmental effects of petroleum products have lead to sharp interest in biofuel production all over the world. The production of bioethanol from lignocellulosic biomass is a sustainable and attractive energy source for transportation fuel to replace gasoline and substitute fossil fuels. Office papers due to high cellulose and carbohydrate content are potential raw materials for production of bioethanol. Termites feed on diet rich in hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin and harbour a natural mechanism which makes them able to degrade...

Fast growth of population and energy crisis are the main issues of today world. The objective of present study was to use renewable energy resources for sustainable environment. The biogas was produced from fruit and vegetable waste by anaerobic digestion and application of its byproduct as a fertilizer. The fruit waste, vegetable waste, buffalo dung was analyzed for moisture content, ash, protein, fiber, fat, carbon to nitrogen ratio, COD and BOD. Temperature and pH was checked after regular interval of time. Proximate analysis of Digestate(organic residue left after biogas production) was...

Zea mays is the most economically important annual crop. A vector containing GUS reporter gene was introduce into corn via Agrobacterium mediated transformation.Transformants of different varieties of maize will be efficiently produced.The transformants will be histochemically detected for the presence of GUS reporter gene.Some conditions for best Agrobacterium mediated transformation was standardized using Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain EHA101 harboring binary vector Pzy102 containing GUS as reporter gene in kashmiri variety of corn. Numerous factors were compared and optimized for...

The stresses like cold, drought, and high salinity, which all cause dehydration damage to the plant cell, is the most common environmental stresses that influence plant growth and development, limiting productivity in cultivated areas world-wide. The stress genes control expression of many drought, salinity and cold inducible genes and causing tolerance to environmental stresses in many plants. Using a pair of specific primers, dehydrin1 gene, dehydrin2 gene, dehydrin10 gene, putative phosphate transporter gene, choline momooxygenase gene and DREB/CBF1c gene were amplified from different...

Lignocellulosic biomass is a renewable and abundant resource with great potential for bioconversion to value-added bioproducts like enzymes. Cellulase is the potential industrial enzyme because of its utility in many tremendous industries and bioconversion of lignocellulosics into soluble sugars. Saccharum spontaneum has low lignin content as compared to cellulose and hemicellulose so it is a potential source for cellulase production. Pretreatment methods removes lignin from lignocellulose structure and also these methods can hydrolyze part of the hemicellulose and increases the enzyme...

With the recent development of biotechnology, there has been vast interest to use cellulose-digestive microorganisms to convert lignocellulosic biomass to glucose that can be used in different applications such as production of fuel ethanol, use in animal feed, use in waste water treatment and in brewing industry. In the last few decades, the exponential increase in the application of cellulases in various fields demands extension in both qualitative improvement and quantitative enhancement. Quantitative enhancement requires strain improvement and medium optimization for the overproduction of...

The current study aimed at the lab scale production of bioethanol from corncob employing cellulolytic bacteria isolated from termite gut. Cellulolytic bacteria were isolated from two local termite species including Coptotermes heimi and Microtermes mycophagous. Corn cob was de-lignified. Two fold decrease in lignin and 20% increase in cellulose was obtained after pretreatment. Among six bacterial isolated CH-1 and MYC-1 were selected for their potential cellulolytic action through halo zone formation in primary screening and substrate hydrolysis during secondary screening. Temperature, pH,...

Peach is the most commonly eaten stone fruit which grows in the temperate regions of the world. These are also among the most exported fruits in term of volume and value. Peaches, being perishable and susceptible to microbial spoilage, have a short shelf-life. The goal of this study was to determine the effect of gamma irradiation on the microbiological and organoleptic properties of peaches and secondly, to determine the effects of irradiation on shelf-life of the fruit

Apple is an important horiculture of world. It has a high nutritional content. Bacterial and fungal pathogens on surface of apples reduce their shelf life as well as pose health hazards. Apples were exposed to different gamma irradiation doses. Microbial count was analysed before and after irradiation. Gamma Irradiadion proved beneficial in enhancing shelf life of apples by reducing microbial load that can be beneficial in increasing export value.