Ephedra nebrodensis, a source of ephedrine used in orthodox medicine to treat bronchial asthma, high fever and as a heart stimulant. Some species are over exploited while many others are under exploited. The present study area represents unique and enormous diversity of medicinal and aromatic plants (MAP) within a relatively small geographic area due to variation in topography, altitude and climate. The MAP species have supported livelihood of many people in the area. They are being collected for export both to national and international markets. The high dependency of rural people...

This hand book provides base-line informations on documentation of the inventory of medicinal, economic and aromatic plants for the socio-economic development, current status its trade, linkages in the market chain starting from collectors to consumers. Also suggestion for new avenues -harvesting, processing and trading of different forest resources in manners that can enhances sustainability and economic attractiveness of different medicinal and aromatic plants in northern Khyber Pakhtoonkhwa (Swat valley), Pakistan. The book will certainly helpful for the graduate, post-graduacte students,...

Pakistan is an agricultural country still spending millions of dollars on the import of edible oil, which is a major drain on the foreign exchange reserves of the country. The indigenous oil production of the country could not match the growing demand of population. The domestic edible production only meet about 25% of the requirement and has grown @ 2.6% annually over last 20 years, while consumption has increased at 9%. Among different oilseed crops rapeseed and mustards contribute 21% towards national oil production but the quality of oil is low due to presence undesirable...

Medicinal and Aromatic plants are gaining popularity due to its minimum side effect in treatment of a number of diseases since time immemorial.The growing interest in Acacia modesta, divert scientists attention, to develop a strategy not only better harvest but also to conserve it for sustainable production of different products. There is also a need for both community based efforts and better state control on the harvesting and trade of A. modesta to enable the conservation of the resource base. An alternative source of income through cultivation should be generated for the community,...

National Policy for Development and Empowerment of Women (NPDEW) was formally enunciated in March 2002 by the Government of Ex-President Pervez Musharraf with the main objective to stop Violence against Women in the country and to provide a friendly atmosphere and equal status to Pakistani woman vis-a- vis man. The Government recognized that VAW is a provocative subject and thus in this text the government introduced various measures to cope with this wide spread and un-human problem in the society of Pakistan. This study was based on how much this Policy and other government committments...

Wheat production in Pakistan can be divided into three distinct periods: 1947-65, 1966-76 & 1976- todate. Wheat production increased by 647% from 1948 to 2006 whereas area increased by 210% in this period. Wheat worth of Rs. 220 b is produced year-1, where in one percent gain/loss in wheat production would be equal to Rs. 2.20 b. During the last 11 years (1999-2009), production varied from 18.223 to 23.40 m t with average yield of 2262 to 2585 Kg ha- 1. Wheat production is prime objective in agri. policies; contributes 13.8% to the value added products in agri.& 3.2% to the GDP. The...

Pakistan's domestic edible oil production doesn't meet the need of the country. Annually about $1.5 billion is spent on its import to meet the demand. In this way, edible oil stood at the top in the import of food group and on number second after petroleum group in the total import. This huge drain on our hard-earned foreign exchange resources is a great challenge for our planners, agricultural scientists and extension workers. Any attempt to help in amelioration of this worsening situation is the need of the day. Among existing oilseed crops rapeseed/mustard and sunflower have assumed...

Accounting, auditing, accountability and governance are mutually exclusive. Accounting provides a set of rules and techniques to be followed by interested parties which would be verified by audit so that accountability of those parties is carried out. Governance requires such accountability through mechanisms of legitimation and control. The study in this manuscript is an investigation into the working of a standing Committee called the Public Accounts Committee of the Parliament of North West Frontier Province of Pakistan. This body is entrusted with the task of accountability of public...

Among stored grain beetles Sitophilus oryzae is a serious insect pest of various food grains under storage.Tribolium castaneum is also a major cause of damage to stored grain.Wheat suffers heavy losses during storage due to insect pests. According FAO that loss done by annually by insects and rodent pests is 10 to 25% of world-harvested food. In Pakistan also about 2 to 6% food grain production is lost every year during storage by stored grain insect pests. Similarly the total post harvest loss of wheat is about 7.37% out of which 3.24% was due to stored grain insect pests. Weight loss of...