Challenged by increasing competition and globalization, third party logistics service providers (3PLs) can become more successful by focusing on customer loyalty. Within long-term customer relationships, 3PLs can offer more advanced logistics services, mitigate the risk of substitution, realize higher profit margins, and avoid new customer acquisition costs. In order to effectively manage customer loyalty, 3PLs need to be aware of the factors that influence loyalty. In addition, they have to understand the effects of different relationship conditions and cultural background on loyalty...