Theareanorthwardof50 N. Source: AMAP(2003). EstablishmentinMay,1937, ofthe?rstdrifting NorthPole-1 (NP-1)stationin the Arctic Ocean and organization of the ?rst Sever airborne high-latidudinal expedition(AHE)continuedtheSecondIPYinthestudyoftheArctic.Theexpe- ence of these expeditions convincingly proved the possibility of organizing and conducting(directlyfromtheice)long-termcomplexmeteorological, oceanographic andiceobservations. WorldWarIIinterruptedforalongtimethelarge-scalestudiesintheArctic. The Sever AHEswereresumedin1948, andorganizationofdriftingstationsin 1950. Todate,...