Angina pectoris with normal coronary arteriograms is a common entity which has puzzled cardiologists almost since the advent of coronary arteriography. Despite major advances in the understanding of the pathophysiology of angina in recent years and a multitude of studies on the subject, the cause and mechanisms underlying the syndrome of angina with normal coronary arteries remain unknown. Indeed, results of investigations are controversial and speculation still prevails regarding the nature of the so called Syndrome X'.
Almost every important aspect of Syndrome X has been tackled in...

The spectrum of unstable coronary syndromes has been the object of steadily increasing research particularly in respect of novel diagnostic and treatment modalities. Although the WHO criteria for the diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction have been known for decades, there is still much debate as to the proper use of these, especially the handling of biochemical markers. Traditional enzymes have limitations in diagnostic power and new markers have unclarified applicability with regard to standardisation of assays and decision limits. Furthermore, the growing understanding of the conception...

This book is timely and challenging. Within its pages are commentaries and opinions on the scientific background and explanatory ideas for a complex of symptoms and investigations known as syndrome X. The commonest cause by far of angina pectoris is coronary artery obstruction due to atheromatous lesions both within the wall of the artery and intruding into the lumen; in such patients it is expected that there maybe ST segment depression on atrial pacing or on an exercise test indicating myocardial ischemia. Syndrome X was a term first used in an editorial written by Kemp in 1973. He was...

Angina pectoris with normal coronary arteriograms is a common entity which has puzzled cardiologists almost since the advent of coronary arteriography. Despite major advances in the understanding of the pathophysiology of angina in recent years and a multitude of studies on the subject, the cause and mechanisms underlying the syndrome of angina with normal coronary arteries remain unknown. Indeed, results of investigations are controversial and speculation still prevails regarding the nature of the so called Syndrome X'.
Almost every important aspect of Syndrome X has been tackled in...

The aim of the book is to serve as a practical guide for junior doctors, primary care physicians and cardiology trainees. This book is a quick reference in everyday clinical practice and also as reminder of the necessary clinical steps for diagnosis, referral and management.Cardiovascular conditions have been described that clinicians are likely to encounter on a regular basis in their practice. Chapters have been written by trainees under the supervision of a senior author with expertise in that particular area, thus addressing most everyday practical diagnostic and management issues and the...

This book is intended for general cardiologists and other physicians involved in the care of patients with chronic stable angina (CSA). The goal of this book is to update clinicians on recent data on the medical management of patients with CSA. Ischemic heart disease remains a major public health problem. Chronic stable angina is the initial manifestation of ischemic heart disease in approximately one half of patients. Stable coronary artery disease is generally characterized by episodes of reversible myocardial demand/supply mismatch, related to ischaemia or hypoxia, which are usually...

This title discusses the magnitude of the problem of angina pectoris. The author also goes on to describe the characteristics and clinical profile of patients with angina in a contemporary population.
The different types and multiple mechanisms of angina pectoris are described, while the clinical presentation, typical and atypical features and complications (MI, HF) and clinical management and outcomes are evaluated. The author also evaluates the various antianginal therapies used in special populations: the elderly, post revascularised patients, patients with LVSD or HF, patients with...