This title describes the technology of freeze-drying with particular emphasis on the properties of the material to be processed, pre-freezing (formulation) and post-drying (stability and shelf life).

Proteins are the servants of life. They occur in all component parts of living organisms and are staggering in their functional var- ty, despite their chemical similarity. Even the simplest single-cell organism contains a thousand different proteins, fulfilling a wide range of life-supporting roles. Their production is controlled by the cell s genetic machinery, and a malfunction of even one protein in the cell will give rise to pathological symptoms. Additions to the total number of known proteins are constantly being made on an increasing scale through the discovery of mutant strains or...

Freeze-drying, in the past popular in the food industry, has more recently been adopted by the pharmaceutical industry as a standard method for the production of stable solid preparations. Freeze-drying of Pharmaceuticals and Biopharmaceuticals is the first book to specifically describe this process, as related to the pharmaceutical industry. The emphasis of this book is on the properties of the materials processed, how effective formulations are arrived at, and how they are stored and marketed. Beginning with a historical overview of the process, Freeze-drying of Pharmaceuticals and...

The fourth volume of Water Science Reviews presents three fascinating accounts of hydration phenomena in colloidal systems. O.F. Evans and David Miller provide a reappraisal of the role of water in promoting amphiphilic assembly and structure. Donald England's review of water-soluble polymers highlights those areas that show unique solution properties or where there is contention as to the explanation for the behavior. The final review by Kenneth Newman addresses the hydration of surfaces, a topic of profound scientific and technological importance. Post-graduate researchers interested in...

The overall theme of Volume 2 is water in crystalline solids: the ice polymorplis, salt and organic hydrates. from simple molecules to proteins, and the nature of the equated proton in solid hydrates (and in the vapour phase). The advent of neutron diffraction, coupled with major instrumental and theoretical developments has led to insights into the structure, energetics and dynamics of hydrated solids.

The third volume of Water Science Reviews addresses the dynamics and transport of water at the molecular and macroscopic level. The study of the hydrated proton, by C.I. Ratcliffe and D.E. Irish, is a masterly survey of a complex subject, in which the authors concentrate on the vast literature dealing with the theory of solution chemistry. H. Levine and L. Slade develop the concept of water as a platicizer of natural and synthetic polymers. A. Deri Tomos considers the cellular water relations, including water fluxes at the level of the single cell. Finally, W. Pusch examines differential...

A common focus will be the central position adopted by water in the systems and processes described.

This volume is devoted to the solution behavior of the molecules of life: lipids, nucleotide bases, amino acids, and sugars. Theory is confronted by experiment and comparisons are made between the properties of molecules in crystals and in solution. Four excellent reviews are included. John and Lois Crowe consider the profound lyotropic effects of water on membrane phospholipids. E. Westhof and D.L. Beveridge discuss hydration of nucleic acids, concluding that the development of an adequate description of the solvation and electrostatic properties of the nucleic acids is essential for...

Cold is the single most important enemy of life, and this 1985 book discusses the responses of living organisms to low temperatures.

The chapters making up this volume had originally been planned to form part of a single volume covering solid hydrates and aqueous solutions of simple molecules and ions. However, during the preparation of the manu scripts it became apparent that such a volume would turn out to be very unwieldy and I reluctantly decided to recommend the publication of sepa rate volumes. The most sensible way of dividing the subject matter seemed to lie in the separation of simple ionic solutions. The emphasis in the present volume is placed on ion-solvent effects, since a number of excellent texts cover the...